scholarly journals Does School Desegregation Promote Diverse Interactions? An Equilibrium Model of Segregation within Schools

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Mele
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
School Desegregation ◽  
Racial Segregation ◽  
Add Health ◽  
Nonlinear Effects ◽  
School Segregation ◽  
Friendship Formation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Diverse Interactions

This paper studies racial segregation in schools using data on student friendships from Add Health. I estimate an equilibrium model of friendship formation, with preferences allowing both homophily and heterophily in direct and indirect ties. I find that homophily goes beyond direct links: students also prefer racially homogeneous indirect friends, while there is heterophily in income. I simulate policies reallocating students across schools. Race-based policies have nonlinear effects on within-school segregation and other network features such as clustering and centrality. Policies increasing diversity through reallocations based on income have less impact on racial segregation. (JEL H75, I21, I28, J15)

School segregation: A realist’s view

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 8-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry Rosiek
Keyword(s):  
Education Policy ◽  
School Desegregation ◽  
Racial Segregation ◽  
School Segregation ◽  
Racial Justice ◽  
Institutionalized Racism

The nation’s greatest anti-racist education policy — school desegregation — has proven no match for the adaptations of institutionalized racism. Over the last 40 years, school segregation has evolved and reemerged in housing patterns, school zoning policy, and curricular tracking. This has led to calls for new solutions to the problem of racial segregation in schools. Is it possible, however, that the pursuit of such solutions is a form of avoidance, an unwillingness to face the intractable nature of institutionalized racism? Jerry Rosiek considers the power of pessimism about racial justice as a stance for educators in an era of resegregating schools.

Separate is Never Equal: Sylvia Mendez and Her Family’s Fight for Desegregation: written by Duncan Tonatiuh

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Sturm
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Lesson Plan ◽  
School Desegregation ◽  
Position Statement ◽  
Venn Diagram ◽  
School Segregation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Segregated Schooling ◽  
Compare And Contrast

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to use Separate is Never Equal: Sylvia Mendez and Her Family’s Fight for Desegregation, by Duncan Tonatiuh, along with other materials on school segregation to address the question, is separate ever equal? Design/methodology/approach Students compare and contrast segregated schooling using a Venn diagram, then research other instances of school segregation, paying attention to the time periods, geographic locations, and impact on segregated individuals. In pairs, students identify these locations on a US map and create a class timeline of the instances of segregation they uncover. Using their research, the class then discusses segregation and its impact on the segregated groups and individuals. Afterwards, students compare their school to the schools researched to determine if segregation exists in their school, and form a class position statement on the importance and benefits of school desegregation. Findings Students will build an understanding of the importance and benefits of school desegregation and the negative impact of segregation. Originality/value This lesson plan brings together multiple texts that illustrate the impact of segregation on various cultures in America.

scholarly journals Nonlinear effects in buoyancy-driven variable-density turbulence

2016 ◽  
Vol 810 ◽  
pp. 362-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Rao ◽  
C. P. Caulfield ◽  
J. D. Gibbon
Keyword(s):  
Density Gradient ◽  
Blow Up ◽  
Nonlinear Effects ◽  
Variable Density ◽  
Density Field ◽  
Strong Mixing ◽  
Spatial Average ◽  
Large Growth ◽  
Variable Density Turbulence ◽  
Using Data

We consider the time dependence of a hierarchy of scaled $L^{2m}$-norms $D_{m,\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}}$ and $D_{m,\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}}$ of the vorticity $\unicode[STIX]{x1D74E}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D735}\times \boldsymbol{u}$ and the density gradient $\unicode[STIX]{x1D735}\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}=\log (\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}^{\ast }/\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{0}^{\ast })$, in a buoyancy-driven turbulent flow as simulated by Livescu & Ristorcelli (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 591, 2007, pp. 43–71). Here, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}^{\ast }(\boldsymbol{x},t)$ is the composition density of a mixture of two incompressible miscible fluids with fluid densities $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{2}^{\ast }>\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{1}^{\ast }$, and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{0}^{\ast }$ is a reference normalization density. Using data from the publicly available Johns Hopkins turbulence database, we present evidence that the $L^{2}$-spatial average of the density gradient $\unicode[STIX]{x1D735}\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$ can reach extremely large values at intermediate times, even in flows with low Atwood number $At=(\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{2}^{\ast }-\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{1}^{\ast })/(\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{2}^{\ast }+\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{1}^{\ast })=0.05$, implying that very strong mixing of the density field at small scales can arise in buoyancy-driven turbulence. This large growth raises the possibility that the density gradient $\unicode[STIX]{x1D735}\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$ might blow up in a finite time.

scholarly journals Parent–Adolescent Closeness, Family Belonging, and Adolescent Well-Being Across Family Structures

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 2007-2036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valarie King ◽  
Lisa M. Boyd ◽  
Brianne Pragg
Keyword(s):  
Add Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Family Structures ◽  
Single Parent Families ◽  
Adolescent Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Biological Parents ◽  
Family Types ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Heavy Alcohol Use ◽  
Using Data

Adolescents in stepfamilies and single-parent families tend to report lower levels of well-being than adolescents who live with two biological parents. Using data from Add Health ( n = 16,684), the present study builds on this literature by examining family-level predictors of adolescent depressive symptoms, delinquency, failing a class, heavy alcohol use, tobacco use, and marijuana use. We focus on feelings of family belonging as a predictor of adolescent well-being and find that this measure is significantly associated with well-being in all family types, and particularly in two-biological-parent families. In addition, results indicate that family belonging mediates associations between parent–adolescent closeness and well-being for most outcomes.

scholarly journals Can You Ever Be Too Smart for Your Own Good? Comparing Linear and Nonlinear Effects of Cognitive Ability on Life Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Brown ◽  
Jonathan Wai ◽  
Christopher Chabris
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Nonlinear Effects ◽  
Popular Literature ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Null Effect ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Representative Cohort

Despite a longstanding expert consensus about the importance of cognitive ability for life outcomes, contrary views continue to proliferate in scholarly and popular literature. This divergence of beliefs presents an obstacle for evidence-based policy and decision-making in a variety of settings. One commonly held idea is that greater cognitive ability does not matter or is actually harmful beyond a certain point (sometimes stated as greater than 100 or 120 IQ points). We empirically test these notions using data from four longitudinal, representative cohort studies comprising a total of 48,558 participants in the U.S. and U.K. from 1957 to the present. We find that ability measured in youth has a positive association with most occupational, educational, health, and social outcomes later in life. Most effects were characterized by a moderate-to-strong linear trend or a practically null effect (mean R^2 = .002 to .256). Nearly all nonlinear effects were practically insignificant in magnitude (mean incremental R^2 = .001) or did not replicate across cohorts or survey waves. We found no support for any downside to higher ability and no evidence for a threshold beyond which greater scores cease to be beneficial. Thus, greater cognitive ability is generally advantageous—and virtually never detrimental.

The Dramatic Clarification of School Segregation and Diversity Law

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger J.R. Levesque
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Black Youth ◽  
School Desegregation ◽  
School Segregation ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
System Approaches ◽  
Made In

Educational segregation is spreading. Although rising percentages of different ethnic/racial and multiracial groups complicate statistical findings, Blacks still remain substantially more segregated from Whites than other racial/ethnic groups, even despite the legacy of school desegregation and integration efforts targeted at Black youth. This chapter examines the spread of educational segregation and highlights how the legal system increasingly views such segregation as outside of the legal system’s reach. It examines how the legal system approaches discrimination and notes how the book explores the source, nature, and implications of what constitutes segregation and related phenomena, such as desegregation, integration, and discrimination. It concludes by detailing the arguments made in the remainder of the book.

Does Neighborhood Gentrification Create School Desegregation?

2020 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Kfir Mordechay ◽  
Jennifer B. Ayscue
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
School Desegregation ◽  
Racial Segregation ◽  
Racial Diversity ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
School Level ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
Color Experience ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Background/Context Race and class inequality have long governed patterns of residential and school segregation across America. However, as neighborhoods across the country that have historically been home to residents of color experience an influx of White and middle-class residents, new questions arise as to whether these demographic shifts in neighborhoods correspond to school-level demographic changes. Purpose: This study examines Washington, DC's, most gentrifying areas, and the impact on racial diversity in local public schools. Research Design This quantitative study draws on data from the decennial census, the American Community Survey, and the National Center for Educational Statistics. Findings/ Results: This study finds evidence that school enrollment patterns in Washington, DC's, most rapidly gentrifying areas have seen a reduction in racial segregation, more so in traditional public schools than in charters. Although this trend is promising, a high level of racial segregation remains, and progress is still needed to ensure that newly integrated neighborhoods also mean desegregated schools. Conclusions/Recommendations Given barriers to school desegregation efforts, gentrification is offering a unique opportunity to create racially and economically diverse schools. However, managing the process of gentrification such that it supports school desegregation requires coordinated and targeted policies that underscore the fundamental relationships among housing, communities, and schools.

Trust in the Bayou City: Do Racial Segregation and Discrimination Matter for Generalized Trust?

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiara Douds ◽  
Jie Wu
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Racial Segregation ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Generalized Trust ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
General Trust ◽  
Interracial Friendship ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

The key role that generalized trust plays in social capital formation is well documented, but its determinants are not well understood. Many studies suggest that racially and ethnically diverse areas have lower generalized trust than more homogeneous areas, but evidence regarding the impact of the spatial arrangement of racial and ethnic groups is not conclusive. Further, while scholars theorize that discrimination may play a role in racial trust gaps, no study has empirically supported this linkage. We examine the impact of racial residential segregation and perceived discrimination on generalized trust in two highly diverse Texas counties using data from the 2014 Kinder Houston Area Survey. Results indicate that perceived racial discrimination negatively impacts trust and may mediate the black-white trust gap, whereas racial segregation is positively associated with trust. Additionally, having an interracial friendship, one form of bridging ties, moderates the segregation-trust relationship such that, up to a certain level of segregation, having an interracial friendship increases one’s likelihood of trusting others. Together, these results provide insight into processes that generate or sustain the general trust that makes social capital formation possible and point to the continuing importance of race in shaping experiences and outcomes in modern American society.

Within-District Racial Segregation and the Elusiveness of White Student Return to Urban Public Schools

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chase M. Billingham
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
School Districts ◽  
Urban Schools ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Racial Segregation ◽  
School Segregation ◽  
White Families ◽  
The Past ◽  
Urban Public Schools

Recent research has determined that racial segregation within school districts has decreased, on average, over the past two decades, even as segregation between school districts has persisted. Although case studies have documented White families’ return to urban public schools, with potential implications for segregation patterns, quantitative data on the scope of this trend are lacking. In this article, I examine enrollment and segregation within 97 urban districts from 1990 through 2010. The trend of White return to urban schools is quite limited; in most cities, White enrollment declines have persisted. Meanwhile, urban school segregation has increased modestly in recent decades.

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