scholarly journals The Role of Government Reimbursement in Drug Shortages

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Yurukoglu ◽  
Eli Liebman ◽  
David B. Ridley
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
Medicare Part ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Drug Shortages ◽  
Injectable Drugs ◽  
Downward Pressure ◽  
Medicare Part B ◽  
Government Reimbursement

Beginning in the mid-2000s, the incidence of drug shortages rose, especially for generic injectable drugs such as anesthetics and chemotherapy treatments. We examine whether reimbursement changes contributed to the shortages, focusing on a reduction in Medicare Part B reimbursement to providers for drugs. We hypothesize that lower reimbursement put downward pressure on manufacturers' prices, which reduced manufacturers' incentives to invest in capacity, reliability, and new launches. We show that after the policy change, shortages rose more for drugs with higher shares of patients insured by Medicare, greater decreases in provider reimbursement, and greater decreases in manufacturer prices. (JEL H51, 118, L1, L65)

scholarly journals The Role of Government Reimbursement in Drug Shortages

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Yurukoglu ◽  
Eli Liebman ◽  
David Ridley
Keyword(s):  
Role Of Government ◽  
Drug Shortages ◽  
Government Reimbursement

The Role of Government Backbenchers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meg Russell ◽  
Daniel Gover
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Policy Actors ◽  
Corporate Manslaughter ◽  
Party Cohesion ◽  
Government Legislation

This chapter explores how government backbench parliamentarians in both chambers at Westminster influence the content of government legislation and the dynamics of politics. Government backbenchers are often thought to be Westminster’s most influential policy actors, operating through the ‘intraparty mode’. As summarized here, governments have recently become less able to rely on their votes, thanks to declining party cohesion. Yet governments are rarely defeated as a result of rebellious votes. This chapter analyses government backbenchers’ amendments proposed to the 12 case study bills—some of which served purposes other than immediate policy change—and their role as ‘pivotal voters’ in resolving legislative disputes with other (particularly opposition) actors. It also emphasizes their influence on legislation before it is introduced, and the importance of ‘anticipated reactions’. For example, ministers introduced the Corporate Manslaughter Bill only reluctantly, following backbench pressure. Backbenchers hence have subtle, and often hidden, influence in the legislative process.

Citizenship, Dependency, and the Welfare Mix: Problems of Inclusion and Exclusion

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Taylor-Gooby
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
General Point ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Welfare Mix ◽  
A Site ◽  
Administrative Structures ◽  
The Welfare State

Citizenship is a site of social conflict which (among other things) involves struggle about the role of government in welfare. This article explores some of the responses to recent pressures on the welfare state in relation to new administrative structures for mass welfare and to the arrangements for managing unemployed people. The experience of the United Kingdom is compared with that of countries with more pluralist traditions of administration. The general point being made is that some changes may both reinforce the possibilities for struggle over welfare by those within the ambit of the mass welfare services, and simultaneously permit the development of stronger barriers to exclude minorities. The first of these developments is not necessarily what the authors of policy change anticipate, while the second conflicts with common expectations of welfare citizenship. Welfare citizenship cuts two ways.

Raiders Activity on the Market for Corporate Control as a Product of Coercive Entrepreneurship Evolution

2007 ◽  
pp. 80-92
Author(s):  
A. Kireev
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Control ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Market For Corporate Control ◽  
Basic Characteristics

The paper studies the problem of raiders activity on the market for corporate control. This activity is considered as a product of coercive entrepreneurship evolution. Their similarities and sharp distinctions are shown. The article presents the classification of raiders activity, discribes its basic characteristics and tendencies, defines the role of government in the process of its transformation.

POLICY CHANGE – THE ROLE OF IDEAS AND POLICY ENTREPRENEURS

2018 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Arwanto Arwanto ◽  
Wike Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Policy Entrepreneurs ◽  
Multiple Streams ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Problem Framing ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Understanding policy process involves many distinctive approaches. The most common are institutional, groups or networks, exogenous factors, rational actors, and idea-based approach. This paper discussed the idea-based approach to explain policy process, in this case policy change. It aims to analyse how ideas could assist people to understand policy change. What role do they play and why are they considered as fundamental element? It considers that ideas are belong to every policy actor, whether it is individual or institution. In order to answer these questions, this paper adopts Kingdon’s multi streams approach to analyse academic literatures. Through this approach, the relationship between ideas and policy change can be seen clearer. Ideas only can affect in policy change if it is agreed and accepted by policy makers. Therefore the receptivity of ideas plays significant role and it emerges policy entrepreneurs. They promote ideas (through problem framing, timing, and narrative construction) and manipulate in order to ensure the receptivity of ideas. Although policy entrepreneurs play significant role, political aspects remains the most important element in the policy process. Keywords: policy change, ideas, idea-based approach, Kingdon’s multiple streams, policy entrepreneurs.

Redefining the role of government in agriculture for the 1990's

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odin Knudsen ◽  
John Nash ◽  
James Bovard ◽  
Bruce Gardner ◽  
L. Alan Winters
Keyword(s):  
Role Of Government
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