scholarly journals Short-Run Impacts of Accountability on School Quality

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonah Rockoff ◽  
Lesley J Turner
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Student Achievement ◽  
York City ◽  
School Quality ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Short Run

In the fall of 2007, New York City began using student tests and other measures to assign each school a grade (A to F), and linked grades to rewards and consequences, including possible school closure. These grades were released in late September, arguably too late for schools to make major changes in programs or personnel, and students were tested again in January (English) and March (math). Despite this time frame, regression discontinuity estimates indicate that receipt of a low grade significantly increased student achievement, more so in math than English, and improved parental evaluations of school quality. (JEL H75, I21, I28, J45)

Replacement of the Myrtle Avenue Viaduct

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Decorges ◽  
Chad Quaglia ◽  
Theodore Zoli ◽  
Syed Abbas ◽  
Jacob Mandell
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Replacement Process ◽  
Constant Operation ◽  
Risk Cost ◽  
Severe Deterioration

<p>The original 100 m long Myrtle Avenue Viaduct was constructed in 1913 and carried two critical New York City Transit (NYCT) subway tracks in Brooklyn. The geometric configuration of the viaduct weaves through a narrow corridor on a NYCT-owned private right-of-way with multiple adjacent properties, including occupied houses straddling the viaduct on both the east and west sides. Many of these residents and businesses had to be relocated during the 10-month replacement process. Constant operation and exposure to the elements resulted in severe deterioration of the original viaduct leaving it in a state of disrepair. Factoring risk, cost and existing conditions of the structure, the engineer’s assessment led to a proposed design alternative beyond the client’s expectations, which originally called for replacement of the superstructure only. The designer recommended an entirely new structure and promised completion within the same time frame as the originally planned partial replacement.</p>

scholarly journals Reduced COVID-19 Hospitalizations among New York City Residents Following Age-Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Eligibility: Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity Design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon K. Greene ◽  
Alison Levin-Rector ◽  
Emily McGibbon ◽  
Jennifer Baumgartner ◽  
Katelynn Devinney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Real World ◽  
York City ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Regression Discontinuity Design ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
Real World Evidence ◽  
Implementation Period

Background: In clinical trials, several SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were shown to reduce risk of severe COVID-19 illness. Local, population-level, real-world evidence of vaccine effectiveness is accumulating. We assessed vaccine effectiveness for community-dwelling New York City (NYC) residents using a quasi-experimental, regression discontinuity design, leveraging a period (January 12-March 9, 2021) when ≥65-year-olds were vaccine-eligible but younger persons, excluding essential workers, were not. Methods: We constructed segmented, negative binomial regression models of age-specific COVID-19 hospitalization rates among 45-84-year-old NYC residents during a post-vaccination program implementation period (February 21-April 17, 2021), with a discontinuity at age 65 years. The relationship between age and hospitalization rates in an unvaccinated population was incorporated using a pre-implementation period (December 20, 2020-February 13, 2021). We calculated the rate ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the interaction between implementation period (pre or post) and age-based eligibility (45-64 or 65-84 years). Analyses were stratified by race/ethnicity and borough of residence. Similar analyses were conducted for COVID-19 deaths. Results: Hospitalization rates among 65-84-year-olds decreased from pre- to post-implementation periods (RR 0.85, 95% CI: 0.74-0.97), controlling for trends among 45-64-year-olds. Accordingly, an estimated 721 (95% CI: 126-1,241) hospitalizations were averted. Residents just above the eligibility threshold (65-66-year-olds) had lower hospitalization rates than those below (63-64-year-olds). Racial/ethnic groups and boroughs with higher vaccine coverage generally experienced greater reductions in RR point estimates. Uncertainty was greater for the decrease in COVID-19 death rates (RR 0.85, 95% CI: 0.66-1.10). Conclusion: The vaccination program in NYC reduced COVID-19 hospitalizations among the initially age-eligible ≥65-year-old population by approximately 15%. The real-world evidence of vaccine effectiveness makes it more imperative to improve vaccine access and uptake to reduce inequities in COVID-19 outcomes.

REPORTS TELL PARENTS HOW SCHOOLS PERFORM

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 645-645
Author(s):  
J. F. L.
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Student Achievement ◽  
School Children ◽  
York City ◽  
Central Office ◽  
Report Cards ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Education Commission

School children throughout New York City are taking home report cards this month—not their own, but those of their schools. The reports were ordered by Schools Chancellor Ramon C. Cortines, who has said that schools can be improved through more involvement by parents. The three-page annual reports, similar to those issued in New Jersey and other states, compare various aspects of a school's performance against the school system's. Report cards like these have been gaining in popularity throughout the country as a means of making schools more accountable to parents and other groups. "It's getting to be a pretty wide-spread practice," said Kathy Christy, a spokes-woman for the Education Commission of the States, a national clearinghouse for school statistics. "What parents want to know is, even though my child got straight As, how is my school or my district doing compared to other schools?" About forty-two states require that schools report to one central office about their performance or student achievement, she said, although not all require that they make such information available to parents.

scholarly journals The narrowing gap in New York City teacher qualifications and its implications for student achievement in high-poverty schools

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Boyd ◽  
Hamilton Lankford ◽  
Susanna Loeb ◽  
Jonah Rockoff ◽  
James Wyckoff
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Student Achievement ◽  
York City ◽  
Teacher Qualifications ◽  
High Poverty ◽  
High Poverty Schools

scholarly journals Modes of Belonging: Debating School Demographics in Gentrifying New York

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 808-839
Author(s):  
Alexandra Freidus
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Demographic Change ◽  
York City ◽  
School Quality ◽  
Ethnographic Methods ◽  
Individual Property ◽  
Student Demographics ◽  
School Demographics

This article examines the frameworks that stakeholders bring to debates about diversifying schools in gentrifying areas of New York City. Using critical ethnographic methods, I explore stakeholders’ hopes and fears about the effects of shifting school demographics and the relationships between student demographics and school quality. I find that stakeholders use racialized discourses of belonging to discuss whether, why, and how student demographics matter. These discourses of belonging overlap with perceptions of demographic change as opportunities for integration, fears of gentrification, and threats to individual property. Complicating celebrations of “diversity,” I explore the ways in which race is implicated in considerations of who belongs in a school and to whom a school belongs.

scholarly journals Experiences, impacts and mental health functioning during a COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown: Data from a diverse New York City sample of college students

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249768
Author(s):  
Teresa López-Castro ◽  
Laura Brandt ◽  
Nishanthi J. Anthonipillai ◽  
Adriana Espinosa ◽  
Robert Melara
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
College Students ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
York City ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Time Frame

In March 2020, New York City (NYC) experienced an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which resulted in a 78-day mass confinement of all residents other than essential workers. The aims of the current study were to (1) document the breadth of COVID-19 experiences and their impacts on college students of a minority-serving academic institution in NYC; (2) explore associations between patterns of COVID-19 experiences and psychosocial functioning during the prolonged lockdown, and (3) explore sex and racial/ethnic differences in COVID-19-related experiences and mental health correlates. A total of 909 ethnically and racially diverse students completed an online survey in May 2020. Findings highlight significant impediments to multiple areas of students’ daily life during this period (i.e., home life, work life, social environment, and emotional and physical health) and a vast majority reported heightened symptoms of depression and generalized anxiety. These life disruptions were significantly related to poorer mental health. Moreover, those who reported the loss of a close friend or loved one from COVID-19 (17%) experienced significantly more psychological distress than counterparts with other types of infection-related histories. Nonetheless, the majority (96%) reported at least one positive experience since the pandemic began. Our findings add to a growing understanding of COVID-19 impacts on psychological health and contribute the important perspective of the North American epicenter of the pandemic during the time frame of this investigation. We discuss how the results may inform best practices to support students’ well-being and serve as a benchmark for future studies of US student populations facing COVID-19 and its aftermath.

scholarly journals Reduced COVID-19 Hospitalizations among New York City Residents Following Age-Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Eligibility: Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity Design

Vaccine X ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 100134
Author(s):  
Sharon K. Greene ◽  
Alison Levin-Rector ◽  
Emily McGibbon ◽  
Jennifer Baumgartner ◽  
Katelynn Devinney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Regression Discontinuity Design
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