scholarly journals Money, Political Ambition, and the Career Decisions of Politicians

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P Keane ◽  
Antonio Merlo
Keyword(s):  
Career Decisions ◽  
Political Ambition ◽  
Us Congress ◽  
The Us ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

We assess the impact of a variety of policies that may influence the career decisions of members of the US Congress. These policies alter incentives to run for re-election, run for higher office or leave Congress, by altering wages, non-pecuniary rewards and career prospects (both in and out of Congress). We find that the effect of most policies varies considerably across different types of politicians. For example, a reduction in the congressional wage would disproportionately induce exit from Congress by “skilled” politicians, Democrats, and politicians who were relatively young when first elected, but not by politicians who most value legislative accomplishments (“achievers”). (JEL D72)

scholarly journals Contemplation and the Suffering Earth: Thomas Merton, Pope Francis, and the Next Generation

Open Theology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-227
Author(s):  
Christopher Pramuk
Keyword(s):  
Spiritual Formation ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Technology In Education ◽  
Pope Francis ◽  
Us Congress ◽  
The Us ◽  
Thomas Merton ◽  
The Impact

Abstract During his address to the US Congress in 2015, Pope Francis lifted up the Trappist monk and famed spiritual writer Thomas Merton as one of four “great” Americans who “offer us a way of seeing and interpreting reality” that is life-giving and brings hope. Drawing from Merton and gesturing to Pope Francis’s 2015 encyclical Laudato Si’, the author explores the epistemological roots of the environmental crisis, arguing that while intellectual conversion to the crisis is crucial, Merton’s witness suggests a deeper kind of transformation is required. Reading Merton schools the imagination in the way of wisdom, or sapientia, a contemplative disposition that senses its kinship with Earth through the eyes of the heart, illuminating what Pope Francis has called “an integral ecology.” The author considers the impact of two major influences on Merton’s thought: the Russian Wisdom school of theology, or sophiology, and French theologian Jacques Ellul, whose 1964 book “The Technological Society” raises prescient questions about the role of technology in education and spiritual formation. Arguing that our present crisis is both technological and spiritual, epistemological and metaphysical, the author foregrounds Merton’s contributions to a sapiential theology and theopoetics while asking how the sciences and humanities might work together more intentionally toward the transformation of the personal and collective human heart.

Tensile and Compressive Strain Capacity in the Presence of Corrosion Anomalies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honggang Zhou ◽  
Yong-Yi Wang ◽  
Mark Stephens ◽  
Jason Bergman ◽  
Steve Nanney
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strain ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Strain Capacity ◽  
Analytical Work ◽  
The Us ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tensile Strain Capacity

Over the past 15 years, extensive studies have been conducted on the tensile strain capacity (TSC) and compressive strain capacity (CSC) of pipelines. The existing studies were mainly targeted at the design and construction of new pipelines. However, the impact of anomalies (e.g., corrosion anomalies) on the TSC and CSC has not been explicitly and adequately considered. This paper summarizes work performed as part of a major effort funded by the US Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (DOT PHMSA) aimed at examining the impact of corrosion anomalies on the TSC and CSC of pipelines. In this work, the strain capacities were examined analytically, and the analytical work was compared to results from selected full-scale tests. Based on the summarized work, guidelines were developed for assessing the TSC and the CSC of corroded pipes. The guidelines are applicable to different types of corrosion anomalies, including circumferential grooves, longitudinal grooves and general corrosion. The strain capacities can be calculated using the key material properties and dimensions of pipe and corrosion anomalies as inputs.

Political Survival Strategies: Political Career Decisions in the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDUARDO LEONI ◽  
CARLOS PEREIRA ◽  
LÚCIO RENNÓ
Keyword(s):  
Career Choices ◽  
Career Decisions ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Political Survival ◽  
Political Ambition ◽  
Political Career ◽  
Electoral Campaigns ◽  
Progressive Ambition ◽  
Career Options ◽  
The Impact

As Brazilian federal deputies approach the end of their legislative terms, they have four major political career options: to retire from electoral politics; to run for state legislative office (regressive ambition); to run for re-election (static ambition); or to run for higher offices (progressive ambition). We developed a model that focuses on the determinants of political career choices by incumbent federal deputies in the 1998 Brazilian election. We argue that it is not the nature of political ambition that determines the career choices of federal deputies, but the evaluation of the risks and costs. A nested logit regression was used to estimate the impact of the distinct political strategies used by incumbents during their terms and their previous electoral campaigns in their choices of career. The main findings suggest that an incumbent's career choice is decisively influenced by the strategies they adopt to effectively use their resources.

Keeping score on congress: explaining variations in interest group ratings of US senators

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Chand ◽  
William D. Schreckhise
Keyword(s):  
Interest Group ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Us Congress ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Senate ◽  
The Impact

We adopt a novel use for an old type of data – interest group scorecards – to explore the impact business organizations have on the political process. By aggregating congressional scorecards, we can develop a sense of how satisfied groups are with the US Congress as a whole. To do this, we generate interest group-level ratings of the US Senate derived from individual-level ratings of each senator. We find business groups tend to give higher aggregated scores relative to other types of groups, suggesting business organizations more often get what they want form Congress, which in turn, illuminates the importance of these groups in the political process. We also find that well-funded “niche” organizations tend to show higher levels of satisfaction with senators than larger groups with broad public missions.

Post-Chernobyl Nuclear Reactions in the USA

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
J H Johnson ◽  
D J Zeigler
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Us Congress ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Impact

This paper contains an assessment of the impact of the Chernobyl disaster on US civilian and military nuclear programs. Specific attention is devoted to the major policy changes sought by federal nuclear regulatory agencies, the US Congress, state and local governments hosting nuclear installations, and the nuclear industry in the twelve-month period following the April 1986 accident in the Soviet Ukraine.

Iran's return to energy market will alter Asian trends

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Due Diligence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Us Congress ◽  
The Us ◽  
Oil Exports ◽  
Infrastructure Investments ◽  
The Impact

Subject The impact of the Iran deal on Asia's energy outlook. Significance Following a landmark deal between Iran and world powers, Iran will receive sanctions relief provided the US Congress approves the deal and Tehran abides by it. Iran can then begin accessing and repatriating revenue from its oil exports, and reintegrate into the gloabl petrochemicals market. Impacts Bilateral India-Iran cooperation on infrastructure investments could connect India to Central Asia, bypassing Pakistan. Western companies with little experience of operating in Iran will need to invest in due diligence. Asian investors, although less constrained, will wait for US Congressional approval before committing new capital to Iran.

scholarly journals TRANSATLANTIC TWILIGHT? THE IMPACT OF THE MUELLER INVESTIGATION ON US-EUROPE RELATIONS

2018 ◽  
pp. 11-27
Author(s):  
Peter Finn ◽  
Robert Ledger
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Congressional Elections ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Us Congress ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Us ◽  
2016 Election ◽  
The Impact

The Mueller investigation into Russian interference in the US 2016 Presidential election has dogged the Trump administration, almost from the beginning of its time in office. The impact of the probe is widespread and affecting the United States in myriad ways both domestically and in foreign policy. We contend that, regarding US-European relations, the Mueller investigation is hastening two broad trends. Firstly, the continuing revelations are pushing the traditional US foreign policy establishment closer towards Europe. Secondly, and simultaneously, these revelations, as well as the continued actions of the President himself, are acting as a source of tension in US-European relations that are pushing European elites into awkward policy choices. The Mueller investigation has uncovered an ill-defined Russian strategy of sowing discord during the 2016 election cycle, matching other initiatives in Europe itself. In the rhetoric of prominent American politicians, it has succeeded. Donald Trump has been loath - unlike his verboseness towards the majority of the US's traditional allies - to criticise the Russian state. Meanwhile, the US Congress has tightened sanctions against Russia. While Trump has distanced himself from the European Union on issues such as the Paris Agreement on Climate Change and the Iranian Nuclear Deal, other parts of the US polity – from city to mayors to state governors and Congress itself – have sought to reinforce relationships with European countries. The forthcoming 2018 midterm Congressional elections are likely to result in an exacerbation of the process, particularly if there are further allegations of Russian cyber-attacks. The impact on European leaders is varied. Whereas the German government wants to push ahead with a new gas pipeline, which would increase reliance on Russian energy supplies, the EU has thus far held firm over sanctions and presented a united front denouncing the alleged Russian state-sponsored use of a nerve agent in Britain. This paper will aim to explore the impact of the Mueller investigation on these two trends and the effect on wider US-European relations.

scholarly journals More Legislation, More Violence? The Impact of Dodd-Frank in the DRC

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nik Stoop ◽  
Marijke Verpoorten ◽  
Peter Cornelis van der Windt
Keyword(s):  
Time Horizon ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Gold Mines ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Us Congress ◽  
Conflict Minerals ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

The Dodd Frank Act was passed by the US Congress in July 2010 and included a provision—Section 1502—that aimed to break the link between conflict and minerals in the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. To date there is only one rigorous quantitative analysis that investigates the impact of Dodd-Frank on local conflict events. Looking at the short-term impact (2011–2012), it finds that the policy backfired. This study builds on a larger, more representative, dataset of mining sites and extends the time horizon by three years (2013–2015). The results indicate that the policy also backfired in the longer run, especially in areas home to gold mines. For territories with the average number of gold mines, the introduction of Dodd-Frank increased the incidence of battles with 44%; looting with 51% and violence against civilians with 28%, compared to pre-Dodd Frank averages. Delving deeper into the impact of the conflict minerals legislation is important, as President Trump suspended the legislation in February 2017 for a two-year period, ordering his administration to replace it with another policy.

Quota Women Are Threatening to Men

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klea Faniko ◽  
Till Burckhardt ◽  
Oriane Sarrasin ◽  
Fabio Lorenzi-Cioldi ◽  
Siri Øyslebø Sørensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Preferential Treatment ◽  
Public Sector Employees ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Women In Decision Making ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Two studies carried out among Albanian public-sector employees examined the impact of different types of affirmative action policies (AAPs) on (counter)stereotypical perceptions of women in decision-making positions. Study 1 (N = 178) revealed that participants – especially women – perceived women in decision-making positions as more masculine (i.e., agentic) than feminine (i.e., communal). Study 2 (N = 239) showed that different types of AA had different effects on the attribution of gender stereotypes to AAP beneficiaries: Women benefiting from a quota policy were perceived as being more communal than agentic, while those benefiting from weak preferential treatment were perceived as being more agentic than communal. Furthermore, we examined how the belief that AAPs threaten men’s access to decision-making positions influenced the attribution of these traits to AAP beneficiaries. The results showed that men who reported high levels of perceived threat, as compared to men who reported low levels of perceived threat, attributed more communal than agentic traits to the beneficiaries of quotas. These findings suggest that AAPs may have created a backlash against its beneficiaries by emphasizing gender-stereotypical or counterstereotypical traits. Thus, the framing of AAPs, for instance, as a matter of enhancing organizational performance, in the process of policy making and implementation, may be a crucial tool to countering potential backlash.

Systematic review methodology for development: An example from microfinance

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Van Rooyen ◽  
Ruth Stewart ◽  
Thea De Wet
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
International Development ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Systematic Review Methodology ◽  
Development Interventions ◽  
The Us ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Evidence Based Decision Making

Big international development donors such as the UK’s Department for International Development and USAID have recently started using systematic review as a methodology to assess the effectiveness of various development interventions to help them decide what is the ‘best’ intervention to spend money on. Such an approach to evidence-based decision-making has long been practiced in the health sector in the US, UK, and elsewhere but it is relatively new in the development field. In this article we use the case of a systematic review of the impact of microfinance on the poor in sub-Saharan African to indicate how systematic review as a methodology can be used to assess the impact of specific development interventions.

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