scholarly journals Corporate Cash and Employment

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Bacchetta ◽  
Kenza Benhima ◽  
Céline Poilly
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Dynamic Impact ◽  
Sharp Drop ◽  
Liquidity Shocks ◽  
Aggregate Shocks ◽  
Dynamic General Equilibrium Model ◽  
Idiosyncratic Shocks ◽  
The Us ◽  
Heterogenous Firms ◽  
Us Financial Crisis

In the aftermath of the US financial crisis, both a sharp drop in employment and a surge in corporate cash have been observed. In this paper, based on US data, we argue that the negative relationship between the corporate cash ratio and employment is systematic, both over time and across firms. We develop a dynamic general equilibrium model where heterogenous firms need cash and external liquid funds in their production process. We analyze the dynamic impact of aggregate shocks and the cross-firm impact of idiosyncratic shocks. We show that external liquidity shocks generate a negative comovement between the cash ratio and employment, as documented in the data. (JEL E24, E32, G32, J23)

GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS: THE BUBBLE EFFECT IN INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Mohammad Benny Alexandri ◽  
Raeny Dwisanti
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Price Ratio ◽  
Sharp Decline ◽  
Book Value ◽  
The Us ◽  
Investment Opportunities ◽  
Us Financial Crisis

US and Indonesia stock markets are entering record heights without being offset by economic growthand profitability growth of their traded companies. There are several indicators for the stock marketbubble: (1) Price Ratio (Ear Ratio); (2) Price Ratio / Book (PB Ratio), the latter comparing thenominal price of one share at a market with the book value (the value of company's assets). Thecurrent PB ratio of the composite stock price index being 3.3 means that for each shares the assetvalue of which is 1 IDR, the stock would be worth 3.3 IDR. This is one of the most expensive price in the world today. Based on the above, for Indonesian stock market sharp decline is just a matter of time and waiting. This decline will be much sharper if triggered by the US financial crisis. We can also also see a bubble emerging from increasingly irrational investment attitudes. Currently, in addition to high prices for stocks and bonds, investors have started looking at investment opportunities in digital currencies. This research tries to know the potential of financial crisis and itseffect for the financial market in Indonesia. 

scholarly journals The Impact of the US Financial Crisis on How Students Pay for College

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur M. Hauptman
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Federal Financial Aid ◽  
For Profit ◽  
American Students ◽  
The Us ◽  
Home Values ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Private Loan ◽  
Us Financial Crisis

The 2008 failure of major financial institutions in the United States may have dramatic ramifications on American students and whether/where they attend college. Several sources of funding may be at risk, including potential decreases in federal financial aid, the tightening of private loan availability, lowered home values impinging on equity-based lending, and stock market losses in college-fund savings. Public institutions, whose tuition is much lower than private or for-profit institutions, may see an increase in enrollment.

scholarly journals Ten Years of Aerosol Effects on Single-Layer Overcast Clouds over the US Southern Great Plains and the China Loess Plateau

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongru Yan ◽  
Tianhe Wang
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Cloud Base ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Southern Great Plains ◽  
Aerosol Loading ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

Using almost 10 years of observations of clouds and aerosols from the US Southern Great Plains (SGP) atmospheric observatory and the Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University (SACOL) in China, the impact of aerosols on single-layer overcast clouds over continental land for different regimes were investigated. Atmospheric conditions at the two sites were first compared in an attempt to isolate the influence of aerosols on cloud properties from dynamic and thermodynamic influences. Cloud types and amounts are similar at the two sites. The dominant aerosol types at the SGP and SACOL sites are sulphate and dust, respectively, with greater aerosol optical depths (AODs) and absorption at the SACOL site. Aerosol first indirect effect (FIE) ranges from 0.021 to 0.152 and from −0.078 to 0.047 at the SGP and SACOL sites, respectively, when using the AOD below cloud base as CCN proxy. Although differences exist, the influence of meteorological conditions on the FIE at the two sites is consistent. FIEs are easily detected under descending motion and dry condition. The FIE at the SGP site is larger than that at the SACOL site, which suggests that the cloud albedo effect is more sensitive under relatively cleaner atmospheric conditions and the dominating aerosol at the SACOL site has less hygroscopicity. The radiative forcing of the FIE over the SGP site is −3.2 W m−2 for each 0.05 increment in FIE. Cloud durations generally prolong as aerosol loading increases, which is consistent with the hypothesis of the aerosol second indirect effect. The negative relationship between cloud duration time and aerosol loading when aerosol loading reaches a large value further might suggest a semidirect effect.

Relationship between coaching leadership style and young athletes' social responsibility

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1385-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Hoon Lee ◽  
Seunghyun Hwang ◽  
Youngjun Choi
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
The Us ◽  
Midwest Region ◽  
Coaching Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

We investigated the relationship between young athletes' perception of their leaders' coaching behavior and the athletes' level of social responsibility. Participants were 204 high school athletes from the Midwest region in the US. Hierarchical regression analysis results showed that there was a positive relationship between the athletes' social responsibility and the coaches' democratic behavior, and a negative relationship between social responsibility and coaches' autocratic behavior. These results indicate that the athletes who perceived their coaches as behaving more democratically and less autocratically had a higher level of social responsibility than the others had. Our findings signify the importance of using types of coaching behavior that enhance student athletes' social responsibility.

Does Diversity Damage Social Capital? A Comparative Study of Neighbourhood Diversity and Social Capital in the US and Britain

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Fieldhouse ◽  
David Cutts
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Capital Social ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Us

Abstract. A number of scholars have noted a negative relationship between ethnic diversity and social capital or social trust, especially in the US. Evidence from other countries has been more mixed and sometimes contradictory. In this paper we provide the first Anglo-American comparative analysis of the relationship between neighbourhood diversity and social capital, and show how this relationship varies across ethnic categories. We apply multilevel structural equation models to individual level data from the 2000 Citizen Benchmark Survey for the US and the 2005 Citizenship Survey for Great Britain. The findings suggest that while for attitudinal social capital among Whites the negative underlying relationship with diversity is apparent in both countries, the effect is much weaker or reversed for minority groups. For structural social capital the negative relationship is apparent for minorities but not Whites, but this is mainly attributable to other neighbourhood characteristics.Résumé. Un certain nombre d'universitaires ont noté une relation négative entre la diversité ethnique et le capital social ou la confiance sociale, surtout aux États-Unis. D'autres pays, par contre, offrent des constats plus mitigés et parfois contradictoires. Dans cet article, nous présentons la première analyse comparative anglo-américaine de la relation entre la diversité du voisinage et le capital social et nous démontrons comment cette relation varie selon les catégories ethniques. Nous appliquons des modélisations par équation structurelle à multiniveaux à des données de niveau individuel provenant du Citizen Benchmark Survey de 2000 pour les États-Unis et du Citizenship Survey de 2005 pour la Grande-Bretagne. Les résultats démontrent que si, pour le capital social attitudinal, la relation fondamentale négative avec la diversité est évidente parmi les Blancs dans les deux pays, l'effet est cependant beaucoup plus faible ou renversé pour les groupes minoritaires. En ce qui concerne le capital social structurel, la relation négative est évidente pour les minorités, mais pas pour les Blancs, mais cette situation est principalement attribuable à d'autres caractéristiques du voisinage.

scholarly journals Weather Shocks and Output in Low-Income Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (178) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Acevedo Mejia ◽  
Claudio Baccianti ◽  
Mico Mrkaic ◽  
Natalija Novta ◽  
Evgenia Pugacheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Macroeconomic Policies ◽  
Large Aggregate ◽  
Weather Shocks ◽  
Dynamic General Equilibrium Model ◽  
Output Losses ◽  
Adaptive Policies

We explore the extent to which macroeconomic policies, structural policies, and institutions can mitigate the negative relationship between temperature shocks and output in countries with warm climates. Empirical evidence and simulations of a dynamic general equilibrium model reveal that good policies can help countries cope with negative weather shocks to some extent. However, none of the adaptive policies we consider can fully eliminate the large aggregate output losses that countries with hot climates experience due to rising temperatures. Only curbing greenhouse gas emissions—which would mitigate further global warming—could limit the adverse macroeconomic consequences of weather shocks in a long-lasting way.

scholarly journals Geographic Distribution of Foot and Ankle Orthopaedic Surgeons Throughout the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011420S0008
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Matthew G. Fanelli ◽  
Coleman Cush ◽  
Benjamin Wagner ◽  
Louis C. Grandizio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Congressional District ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Congressional Districts ◽  
The Us

Category: Other Introduction/Purpose: Orthopaedic Surgery has become increasingly subspecialized since fellowships were established in the 1970s. Previous investigations within hand and urologic surgery have demonstrated an uneven geographic distribution within these subspecialties. Economic factors can influence surgeon distribution within a particular geographic region. At present, the geographic distribution of orthopaedic foot and ankle (OFA) surgeons in the US is poorly defined. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the geographic distribution of OFA surgeons in the US. We hypothesize that there will be substantial differences in OFA surgeon density throughout the US and that economic factors may play a role in access to subspecialty OFA care. Methods: A current membership list was obtained from the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS). Active AOFAS members were categorized relative to states and US House of Representatives Congressional Districts. Using publicly available census data, we recorded the population within each state and district as well as the percentage of families and people with income below the federally defined poverty level. Descriptive statistics were utilized for demographic information. The relationship between income level and the number of surgeons was determined using a Pearson correlation. These data were used to generate OFA surgeons per capita at a state and congressional district level. This information was also used to generate choropleth maps comparing surgeon density and poverty. Results: We identified a list of 1,103 active AOFAS members with 1,311 practice addresses. There was an average of 21.2 OFA surgeons per state. There was an average of 0.38 and 0.40 OFA surgeons per 100,000 people in each state and congressional district respectively. The District of Columbia, VT, WY, and NE had the highest OFA surgeon density. WV, KY, NM, RI had the lowest density. 75 congressional districts had no OFA surgeons. There was a statistically significant negative relationship demonstrating that regions with higher levels of poverty had fewer OFA surgeons, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of -0.14, (P-value = 0.008). This relationship is further illustrated in Figure 1. Conclusion: There is wide geographic variation of OFA surgeon density throughout the US. Regions with higher levels of poverty have less access to OFA surgeons compared to regions with lower poverty levels. Understanding these trends may aid in developing both recruitment and referal strategies for complex foot and ankle care in underserved regions.

Competition and competitiveness in the US airline industry

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Hannigan ◽  
Robert D. Hamilton III ◽  
Ram Mudambi
Keyword(s):  
Airline Industry ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Resource Heterogeneity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Firm Strategies ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Core Capabilities

Purpose – This study aims to employ a resource-based lens to explore the competitive implications of firm strategies under conditions of market commonality and shared resource pools. Design/methodology/approach – The firms’ core capabilities in these environments may focus on operational efficiency, as firms seek to compete under significant resource heterogeneity constraints. Findings – Using data from the USA airline industry from 1996-2011, we find that price has a positive relationship with firm performance, whereas quality has a negative relationship. Operational efficiency is a driver of both strategies. Research limitations/implications – The study uses US data. Extending the findings to the global setting may require recognizing other competitive dimensions. Originality/value – Firms that focus on non-core activities perform less well. The results offer insights into an industry that has interested strategy researchers for many years and may suggest an application to other industries with similar characteristics.

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