scholarly journals Time and State Dependence in an Ss Decision Experiment

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacopo Magnani ◽  
Aspen Gorry ◽  
Ryan Oprea
Keyword(s):  
Time Dependence ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
State Dependence ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Optimal State ◽  
State Variable ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
True State

Flow earnings in a laboratory experiment decline the further a Brownian state variable, z, evolves from its optimal level, z *. Optimal state dependent models predict subjects will pay a fixed cost to return z to z * only when z strays outside a critical inaction region around the optimum. On average, subjects adjust at states remarkably close to optimal threshold levels but, as in the field, do not establish true “state dependent” inaction regions, suggesting significant “time dependent” components in adjustment rules. Structural estimates of subjective observation cost qualitatively account for variation in time dependence observed across treatments. (JEL C91, D21, D80)

State-dependent signalling in queueing networks

1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (02) ◽  
pp. 436-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Henderson ◽  
B. S. Northcote ◽  
P. G. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Queueing Networks ◽  
State Dependence ◽  
Product Form ◽  
Batch Size ◽  
Single Server ◽  
Negative Customers ◽  
Affect Control ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Equilibrium Distributions

It has recently been shown that networks of queues with state-dependent movement of negative customers, and with state-independent triggering of customer movement have product-form equilibrium distributions. Triggers and negative customers are entities which, when arriving to a queue, force a single customer to be routed through the network or leave the network respectively. They are ‘signals' which affect/control network behaviour. The provision of state-dependent intensities introduces queues other than single-server queues into the network. This paper considers networks with state-dependent intensities in which signals can be either a trigger or a batch of negative customers (the batch size being determined by an arbitrary probability distribution). It is shown that such networks still have a product-form equilibrium distribution. Natural methods for state space truncation and for the inclusion of multiple customer types in the network can be viewed as special cases of this state dependence. A further generalisation allows for the possibility of signals building up at nodes.

scholarly journals A copula-based multivariate hidden Markov model for modelling momentum in football

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Ötting ◽  
Roland Langrock ◽  
Antonello Maruotti
Keyword(s):  
Markov Model ◽  
Hidden Markov Models ◽  
Markov Models ◽  
Hidden Markov ◽  
State Dependence ◽  
Change Points ◽  
Sports Fans ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractWe investigate the potential occurrence of change points—commonly referred to as “momentum shifts”—in the dynamics of football matches. For that purpose, we model minute-by-minute in-game statistics of Bundesliga matches using hidden Markov models (HMMs). To allow for within-state dependence of the variables, we formulate multivariate state-dependent distributions using copulas. For the Bundesliga data considered, we find that the fitted HMMs comprise states which can be interpreted as a team showing different levels of control over a match. Our modelling framework enables inference related to causes of momentum shifts and team tactics, which is of much interest to managers, bookmakers, and sports fans.

scholarly journals Optimal state-dependent rules, credibility, and inflation inertia

2002 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1317-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heitor Almeida ◽  
Marco Bonomo
Keyword(s):  
Optimal State ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Inflation Inertia

scholarly journals Renormalization Group Approach to Pandemics as a Time-Dependent SIR Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Della Morte ◽  
Francesco Sannino
Keyword(s):  
Renormalization Group ◽  
Time Dependence ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Sir Model ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Group Approach ◽  
Renormalization Group Approach

We generalise the epidemic Renormalization Group framework while connecting it to a SIR model with time-dependent coefficients. We then confront the model with COVID-19 in Denmark, Germany, Italy and France and show that the approach works rather well in reproducing the data. We also show that a better understanding of the time dependence of the recovery rate would require extending the model to take into account the number of deaths whenever these are over 15% of the cumulative number of infected cases.

scholarly journals The Diffraction of Transient Electro-Magnetic Waves by a Wedge

1958 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Butcher ◽  
J. S. Lowndes
Keyword(s):  
Wave Equation ◽  
Time Dependence ◽  
Half Plane ◽  
Line Source ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Dimensional Case ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Electro Magnetic ◽  
Infinite Wedge ◽  
Magnetic Waves

Much of the work on the theory of diffraction by an infinite wedge has been for cases of harmonic time-dependence. Oberhettinger (1) obtained an expression for the Green's function of the wave equation in the two dimensional case of a line source of oscillating current parallel to the edge of a wedge with perfectly conducting walls. Solutions of the time-dependent wave equation have been obtained by Keller and Blank (2), Kay (3) and more recently by Turner (4) who considered the diffraction of a cylindrical pulse by a half plane.

A Non‐Bayesian Theory of State‐Dependent Utility

Econometrica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 1341-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Hill
Keyword(s):  
Expected Utility ◽  
State Dependence ◽  
Comparative Statics ◽  
Bayesian Theory ◽  
Subjective Expected Utility ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Special Cases

Many decision situations involve two or more of the following divergences from subjective expected utility: imprecision of beliefs (or ambiguity), imprecision of tastes (or multi‐utility), and state dependence of utility. This paper proposes and characterizes a model of uncertainty averse preferences that can simultaneously incorporate all three phenomena. The representation supports a principled separation of (imprecise) beliefs and (potentially state‐dependent, imprecise) tastes. Moreover, the representation permits comparative statics separating the roles of beliefs and tastes, and is modular: it easily delivers special cases involving various combinations of the phenomena, as well as state‐dependent multi‐utility generalizations covering popular ambiguity models.

Optimal replacement under a general failure model

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Bergman
Keyword(s):  
Threshold Value ◽  
Rate Function ◽  
The State ◽  
Failure Rate Function ◽  
State Variable ◽  
Optimal Replacement ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Dependent Failure

Replacement policies based on measurements of some increasing state variable, e.g. wear, accumulated damage or accumulated stress, are studied in this paper. It is assumed that the state measurements may be regarded as realizations of some stochastic process and that the proneness to failure of an active unit may be described by an increasing state-dependent failure rate function. Average long-run cost per unit time is considered. The optimal replacement rule is shown to be a control limit rule, i.e. it is optimal to replace either at failure or when the state variable has reached some threshold value, whichever occurs first. The optimal rule is determined. Some generalizations and special cases are given.

scholarly journals DARBOUX CLASS OF COSMOLOGICAL FLUIDS WITH TIME-DEPENDENT ADIABATIC INDICES

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (15) ◽  
pp. 979-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. ROSU
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Method ◽  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Time Dependence ◽  
Adiabatic Index ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Accelerating Universe ◽  
Constant Parameter ◽  
Darboux Transformations ◽  
Scale Factors ◽  
Experimental Findings

A one-parameter family of time-dependent adiabatic indices is introduced for any given type of cosmological fluid of constant adiabatic index by a mathematical method belonging to the class of Darboux transformations. The procedure works for zero cosmological constant at the price of introducing a new constant parameter related to the time dependence of the adiabatic index. These fluids can be the real cosmological fluids that are encountered at cosmological scales and they could be used as a simple and efficient explanation for the recent experimental findings regarding the present day accelerating universe. In addition, new types of cosmological scale factors, corresponding to these fluids, are presented.

Generalized state-dependent Erlangian queues: Speculations about calculating measures of effectiveness

1975 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 358-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Conolly
Keyword(s):  
Renewal Theory ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Measures Of Effectiveness ◽  
Generalized State

The provision of easily calculable measures of effectiveness for generalised Erlang queues (state-dependent parameters λn and μn of arrival and of service) motivates speculation about the applicability of renewal theory. The application envisaged is justified by known results for certain models and its extension to an operationally more promising system is proposed. Use of the formula ‘L = λW' with ‘effective’ λ calculated by foregoing methods is likewise shown to be justified by known results for certain models and hence its wider applicability is conjectured. Mechanisms are discussed which may provide improved models, and investigation is made of choices of λn and μn which may lead to time dependent solutions having a prescribed form. The example of panic buying is considered as an example.

scholarly journals Emotional state dependence facilitates automatic imitation of visual speech

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 2833-2847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine Virhia ◽  
Sonja A Kotz ◽  
Patti Adank
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Response Times ◽  
State Dependence ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Visual Speech ◽  
Automatic Imitation ◽  
Speech Stimuli ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
State Dependent

Observing someone speak automatically triggers cognitive and neural mechanisms required to produce speech, a phenomenon known as automatic imitation. Automatic imitation of speech can be measured using the Stimulus Response Compatibility (SRC) paradigm that shows facilitated response times (RTs) when responding to a prompt (e.g., say aa) in the presence of a congruent distracter (a video of someone saying aa), compared with responding in the presence of an incongruent distracter (a video of someone saying oo). Current models of the relation between emotion and cognitive control suggest that automatic imitation can be modulated by varying the stimulus-driven task aspects, that is, the distracter’s emotional valence. It is unclear how the emotional state of the observer affects automatic imitation. The current study explored independent effects of emotional valence of the distracter (Stimulus-driven Dependence) and the observer’s emotional state (State Dependence) on automatic imitation of speech. Participants completed an SRC paradigm for visual speech stimuli. They produced a prompt superimposed over a neutral or emotional (happy or angry) distracter video. State Dependence was manipulated by asking participants to speak the prompt in a neutral or emotional (happy or angry) voice. Automatic imitation was facilitated for emotional prompts, but not for emotional distracters, thus implying a facilitating effect of State Dependence. The results are interpreted in the context of theories of automatic imitation and cognitive control, and we suggest that models of automatic imitation are to be modified to accommodate for state-dependent and stimulus-driven dependent effects.

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