scholarly journals How Costly is Protectionism?

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C Feenstra
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Gains From Trade ◽  
Free Trade Areas ◽  
Policy Perspective ◽  
Global Policy ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The U.S

How costly is protectionism? This paper begins from a U.S. perspective, examining the costs to both the U.S. and other countries from U.S. protectionism. It emphasizes that substantial costs are imposed on foreign countries by U.S. protectionism. These costs result from the highly selective nature of protection in particular industries and against particular exporting countries. No discussion of the costs of protection would be complete without mentioning the increasing levels of investment by foreign firms within the U.S. economy. The paper next moves to a more global policy perspective. The emerging free trade areas in Europe, North America, and Asia raise the prospect of gains from trade within each region but also the possibility of global costs from protectionist actions across the regions.

Split Decisions in Antidumping Cases

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith A. Crowley
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Economic Rationale ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Imperfectly Competitive ◽  
Export Supply ◽  
Antidumping Duties ◽  
Optimal Tariff ◽  
The U.S

Abstract This paper provides a rationale for “split decisions” in antidumping cases. A split decision occurs when the U.S. government simultaneously investigates multiple countries for dumping the same product but imposes antidumping duties on only a subset of these countries. In the U.S., 76% of antidumping petitions filed between 1980 and 2004 involved two or more countries accused of dumping the same product. Among these multi-country investigations, roughly 30% concluded with a split decision in the final stage of an investigation. The model in this paper shows that selectively applying antidumping duties against foreign countries that are selling increased quantities of imports at a price below long run average total cost improves the importing country's welfare. Imperfectly competitive firms in different countries face stochastic demand and are subject to capacity constraints. As a result, foreign firms dump when they face weak demand in their own markets. In response to the shift in a foreign country's export supply, the importing country's optimal rent-shifting tariff against the foreign country with weak demand increases while its optimal tariff against other countries falls. This paper suggests an economic rationale behind the differential treatment afforded to different countries accused of dumping.

scholarly journals Globalization And The Federal Reserve

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Cosgrove ◽  
Daniel Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Federal Reserve ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Gains From Trade ◽  
Global Marketplace ◽  
Monetary Policies ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
The U.S

A group of developing countries including China, India and Mexico entered the global marketplace post-1980 making a major contribution to disinflation in the U.S. and other developed countries. Movement by developing countries toward free trade led to unexpectedly large gains from specialization and exchange including the contribution to global disinflation through flows of goods, capital, technology and in particular abundant labor. These gains from trade led to a slowing in U.S. cost-push inflation pressures and enhancement of productivity gains. Gains from free trade have been widespread, with benefits accruing to both developed and developing countries in the period since 1980. In comparison, gains from trade were restricted primarily to developed economies in the 1945 to 1980 time period.The Federal Reserve and other central banks followed monetary policies conducive to the post-1980 period of disinflation but the contribution to disinflation through gains from trade does not seem to be incorporated into the monetary policy of central banks. In Japan, disinflation turned into deflation and Germanys disinflation is on the verge of doing the same. Deflation concerns are also voiced in the U.S. The premise of this paper is that the overshoot from the price stability objective to deflation fears or outright deflation on part of the Federal Reserve and other major central banks is due to gains from trade with developing countries. Policy implication -- the Federal Reserve and other central banks need to increase the quantity of money at a more rapid pace than would normally occur to account for the contribution to disinflation from gains from trade among developed and developing countries.

Why Are Foreign Firms Listed in the U.S. Worth More?

CFA Digest ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
William H. Sackley
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Firms ◽  
The U.S

Free Trade on Television: The Triumph of Business Rhetoric

1992 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Block
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Le Canada ◽  
The U.S

Abstract: This paper attempts to unravel the very complex issue of balance first by addressing its historical and theoretical contexts. Then the coverage of the U.S.-Canada Free Trade Agreement (FTA) is used as a case study. Résumé: Dans cet article l'auteur s'applique à décortiquer la complexité de la controverse notion de "balance'' dans la couverture médiatique. Il la place d'abord dans son contexte historique et théorique. Il s'appuie, ensuite, comme exemple, sur le suivi que les médias ont fait autour des pourparlers et de l'entente du libre-échange entre le Canada et les États-Unis.

Parental Leave: The Need for a National Policy to Foster Sexual Equality

1987 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-104
Author(s):  
Scott A. Caplan-Cotenoff
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Sexual Equality ◽  
Pregnancy Discrimination ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Leave Policy ◽  
The U.S

AbstractWorking women are without substantial protection from the ramifications of pregnancy discrimination, and the opportunities for working men to take leave from work to participate in child care are limited. Recently, private businesses have begun implementing maternity or parental leave policies to address these problems. These policies are inconsistent, however, and a national parental leave program is needed to help women attain equal access to jobs and to provide men with the opportunity to participate in child care.This Note examines the historical background of pregnancy discrimination litigation and legislation, and highlights the gaps in the protection currently afforded women. It suggests that a federal parental leave policy may expand the scope of this protection, and attempts to gain insight and draw conclusions from analogous parental leave programs in foreign countries which may be used as models for a national program in the U.S. Such a program would benefit parents, children, and society by removing some of the obstacles to sexual equality.

scholarly journals Dumping on Free Trade: The U.S. Import Trade Laws

1997 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 402-424
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Stiglitz
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Import Trade ◽  
The U.S
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