scholarly journals Some Thoughts on the Washington Consensus and Subsequent Global Development Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-82
Author(s):  
Michael Spence
Keyword(s):  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Washington Consensus ◽  
Global Development ◽  
Development Experience ◽  
Country Specific

This paper discusses the Washington Consensus, its origins, and its insights in terms of subsequent development experience in a broad range of countries. I continue to find that when properly interpreted as a guide to the formulation of country-specific development strategies, the Washington Consensus has withstood the test of time quite well. In my view, subsequent experience, especially in Asia, reveals a number of places where a shift in emphasis would be warranted. Finally, I try to identify some misuses of the Washington Consensus and suggest that it was vulnerable to misuse due to the absence of an accompanying and explicit development model.

Digital Simulation of Ecological Industry Development Based on Grey Clustering Algorithm

2014 ◽  
Vol 556-562 ◽  
pp. 3881-3885
Author(s):  
Hui Shi
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Digital Simulation ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Clustering Model ◽  
Ecological Migration ◽  
The Status

In order to protect the ecological environment of grassland and improve the living standards of the people in the prairie and promote the harmonious development of the economic environment, the state proposes ecological migration project. How to ensure the collaborative development of subsequent industry is the topic concerned the state and society. This article discusses the status and problems of subsequent industrial development after the grassland ecological migration and constructs subsequent development model based on gray clustering model. In order to verify the validity of the model, the paper establishes and analyzes computer simulation system. The result shows that the development model based on gray clustering algorithm can make an accurate assessment on the follow industry trends of grassland ecological migrant which provides reference for following industrial development of grassland ecological migrant.

scholarly journals Democratization in Africa: The development condition revisited

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Manuel Couret Branco
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Global Development ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Democratic Development

In the middle of the twentieth century S.M. Lipset sustained that various indicators of economic development were higher in democratic countries than in authoritarian ones, suggesting that development was a condition to democracy. More recently, though, several authors have shown that there is no strong empirical evidence confirming development as a condition to democracy, suggesting in turn that the economic is not as important in democratization as it seemed in the 1950s. Despite this fact, there are some clues that indicate that economic factors do play an important role in democratization, but in a way different than that proposed by Lipset. In this article a revision of literature on some economic obstacles to democratization in Africa is carried out, its main conclusion being that underdevelopment decisively contributes to the difficulties many African countries experience in democratizing and consolidating democracy. One should not mistake underdevelopment with un-development though, the latter being the mere absence or delay in development and the former a specific supporting role given to developing countries within the global development process. The article’s general conclusion, therefore, is that democratic development is not a question of getting richer, i.e. intensifying the development model, as much as of reforming this same model. Resumo Nos meados do século XX, S.M. Lipset afirma que vários indicadores de desenvolvimento económico são mais altos em países democráticos do que em países autoritários, sugerindo que o desenvolvimento é uma condição para a democracia. Mais recentemente, vários autores sustentam que não existem evidências empíricas que confirmem o desenvolvimento como condição para a democracia, sugerindo, por sua vez, que a economia não é tão importante na democratização como aparentava ser durante a década de 50. Apesar disso, existem algumas evidências que indicam que os fatores económicos desempenham um papel importante na democratização, mas de forma diferente da proposta por Lipset. Neste artigo é feita uma revisão da literatura sobre alguns obstáculos económicos à democratização na África, e a sua principal conclusão é que o subdesenvolvimento contribui decisivamente para as dificuldades que muitos países africanos enfrentam na democratização e consolidação da democracia. Não se deve confundir subdesenvolvimento com des-desenvolvimento, sendo este último a mera ausência ou atraso no desenvolvimento e o primeiro um papel de apoio específico dado aos países em vias desenvolvimento no processo de desenvolvimento global. A conclusão geral do artigo, portanto, é que o desenvolvimento democrático não é uma questão de enriquecimento, ou seja, de intensificar o modelo de desenvolvimento, mas de reformar esse mesmo modelo.

scholarly journals Effects of Alternative Policy Regimes on Foreign-Payments Imbalances

1983 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subidey Togan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
The Political ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Policy Regimes ◽  
Trade Model ◽  
Trade Elasticity ◽  
Country Specific

Using a country-specific multisectoral general-equilibrium trade model the paper examines the consequences of outward- and inward-oriented development strategies. The analysis supports the view that the unwillingness of some of the developing countries' governments to pursue outward-oriented policies can be explained in terms of low trade-elasticity values supposedly perceived by the policy makers, and/or by the political power exercised by capitalists, whet seem to lose most under outward-oriented policies.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Global Development Strategies of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Yingying Li ◽  
Jiannan Zhang ◽  
Yanju Gu ◽  
Yelin Zhu ◽  
Qianfeng He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
Global Development

التجربة التنموية في العراق بين حقائق الفشل ومقومات النجاح

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (68) ◽  
pp. 110-140
Author(s):  
علياء حسين خلف ◽  
أ.م. د عبد الزهرة فيصل يونس
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Development Work ◽  
Fragile States ◽  
Global Development ◽  
Development Experience ◽  
Fundamental Conclusion

Abstract The Iraqi development experience is an arena of conflict, in which the roles of self-motivations and external motives are exchanged to root the landmarks of underdevelopment or create elements of success, since according to the indicators of progress derived from global development experiences, the Iraqi economy was at a stagnant position, not approaching the standard image of progress by about a few meters away from it. The reason in all cases is external in general, and to reach an accurate understanding of the subjective and objective debate in thwarting the Iraqi development process, we decided to study it through two axes: The first axis: economic challenges. The second axis: civil challenges. We have concluded from our study to a fundamental conclusion that “indicators of authority as the essential engine of development work have remained far from“ rationality and effectiveness, ”thus Iraq occupied an advanced position in the list of the most fragile states that both caused and died at the same time

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