scholarly journals The Flow Approach to Labor Markets: New Data Sources and Micro–Macro Links

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J Davis ◽  
R. Jason Faberman ◽  
John Haltiwanger
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Job Destruction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Worker Flows ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Bureau Of Labor Statistics ◽  
Job Finding

New data sources and products developed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Bureau of the Census highlight the fluid character of U.S. labor markets. Private sector job creation and destruction rates average nearly 8 percent of employment per quarter. Worker flows in the form of hires and separations are more than twice as large. The data also underscores the lumpy nature of micro-level employment adjustments. More than two-thirds of job destruction occurs at establishments that shrink by more than 10 percent within the quarter, and more than one-fifth occurs at those that shut down. Our study also uncovers highly nonlinear relationships of worker flows to employment growth and job flows at the micro level. These micro relations interact with movements over time in the cross-sectional density of establishment growth rates to produce recurring cyclical patterns in aggregate labor market flows. Cyclical movements in the layoffs-separations ratio, for example, and the propensity of separated workers to become unemployed reflect distinct micro relations for quits and layoffs. A dominant role for the job-finding rate in accounting for unemployment movements in mild downturns and a bigger role for the job-loss rate in severe downturns reflect distinct micro relations for hires and layoffs.

scholarly journals Point, Walk, Talk: Links Between Three Early Milestones, from Observation and Parental Report

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Moore ◽  
Shannon Dailey ◽  
Hallie Garrison ◽  
Andrei Amatuni ◽  
Elika Bergelson
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Parental Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Collection Methods ◽  
Early Communication ◽  
Symbolic Thinking ◽  
Collection Methods

Around their first birthdays, infants begin to point, walk, and talk. These abilities are appreciable both by researchers with strictly standardized criteria and caregivers with more relaxed notions of what each of these skills entails. Here we compare the onsets of these skills and links among them across two data collection methods: observation and parental report. We examine pointing, walking, and talking in a sample of 44 infants studied longitudinally from 6–18 months. In this sample, links between pointing and vocabulary were tighter than those between walking and vocabulary, supporting a unified socio-communicative growth account. Indeed, across several cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, pointers had larger vocabularies than their non-pointing peers. In contrast to previous work, this did not hold for walkers’ vs. crawlers’ vocabularies in our sample. Comparing across data sources, we find that reported and observed estimates of the growing vocabulary and of age of walk onset were closely correlated, while agreement between parents and researchers on pointing onset and talking onset was weaker. Taken together, these results support a developmental account in which gesture and language are intertwined aspects of early communication and symbolic thinking, whereas the shift from crawling to walking appears indistinct from age in its relation with language. We conclude that pointing, walking, and talking are on similar timelines yet distinct from one another, and discuss methodological and theoretical implications in the context of early development.

scholarly journals Revisiting Loneliness: Individual and Country-Level Changes

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-117
Author(s):  
Deborah Morgan ◽  
Lena Dahlberg ◽  
Charles Waldegrave ◽  
Sarmitė Mikulionienė ◽  
Gražina Rapolienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Deprivation Level ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Frequency Of Contact ◽  
Health Aging ◽  
Partnership Status ◽  
Micro Level

AbstractThe links between loneliness and overall morbidity and mortality are well known, and this has profound implications for quality of life and health and welfare budgets. Most studies have been cross-sectional allowing for conclusions on correlates of loneliness, but more recently, some longitudinal studies have revealed also micro-level predictors of loneliness. Since the majority of studies focused on one country, conclusions on macro-level drivers of loneliness are scarce. This chapter examines the impact of micro- and macro-level drivers of loneliness and loneliness change in 11 European countries. The chapter draws on longitudinal data from 2013 and 2015 from the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), combined with macro-level data from additional sources. The multivariable analysis revealed the persistence of loneliness over time, which is a challenge for service providers and policy makers. Based on this cross-national and longitudinal study we observed that micro-level drivers known from previous research (such as gender, health and partnership status, frequency of contact with children), and changes therein had more impact on loneliness and change therein than macro-level drivers such as risk of poverty, risk of social deprivation, level of safety in the neighbourhood.

scholarly journals Tracheostomy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Comparison of International Perioperative Care Protocols and Practices in 26 Countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 019459982096198
Author(s):  
Carol Bier-Laning ◽  
John D. Cramer ◽  
Soham Roy ◽  
Patrick A. Palmieri ◽  
Ayman Amin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Postoperative Management ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Evidence Based Care

Objective The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a global surge in critically ill patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, some of whom may benefit from tracheostomy. Decisions on if, when, and how to perform tracheostomy in patients with COVID-19 have major implications for patients, clinicians, and hospitals. We investigated the tracheostomy protocols and practices that institutions around the world have put into place in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Data Sources Protocols for tracheostomy in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection from individual institutions (n = 59) were obtained from the United States and 25 other countries, including data from several low- and middle-income countries, 23 published or society-endorsed protocols, and 36 institutional protocols. Review Methods The comparative document analysis involved cross-sectional review of institutional protocols and practices. Data sources were analyzed for timing of tracheostomy, contraindications, preoperative testing, personal protective equipment (PPE), surgical technique, and postoperative management. Conclusions Timing of tracheostomy varied from 3 to >21 days, with over 90% of protocols recommending 14 days of intubation prior to tracheostomy. Most protocols advocate delaying tracheostomy until COVID-19 testing was negative. All protocols involved use of N95 or higher PPE. Both open and percutaneous techniques were reported. Timing of tracheostomy changes ranged from 5 to >30 days postoperatively, sometimes contingent on negative COVID-19 test results. Implications for Practice Wide variation exists in tracheostomy protocols, reflecting geographical variation, different resource constraints, and limited data to drive evidence-based care standards. Findings presented herein may provide reference points and a framework for evolving care standards.

Managing talent Flows Through Internal and External Labor Markets

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Bidwell
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Talent Management ◽  
Worker Flows ◽  
External Flows ◽  
External Labor Markets ◽  
Over Time

This chapter examines talent management through the lens of worker flows, emphasizing the interdependence between staffing decisions across jobs and over time. It reviews existing theories on how people flow across jobs within and across organizations, as well as how organizations balance those internal and external flows in staffing jobs. Although different theories have generally been used to analyze internal and external mobility, I note that organizations are using increasingly market-like structures to manage internal moves, while research is also revealing increasing amounts of structure in flows of workers across organizations. I also argue that studies continue to highlight the substantial benefits that organizations receive from staffing jobs through internal rather than external mobility, despite increases over time in outside hiring.

scholarly journals Contribution of Different Patient Information Sources to Create the Best Possible Medication History

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joelizy Oliveira ◽  
Ana Cristina Cabral ◽  
Marta Lavrador ◽  
Filipa A. Costa ◽  
Filipe Félix Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Health Records ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Medication History ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Hospital Medical ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Electronic Health

Introduction: Obtaining the best possible medication history is the crucial step in medication reconciliation. Our aim was to evaluate the potential contributions of the main data sources available – patient/caregiver, hospital medical records, and shared electronic health records – to obtain an accurate ‘best possible medication history’.Material and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted. Adult patients taking at least one medicine were included. Patient interview was performed upon admission and this information was reconciled with hospital medical records and shared electronic health records, assessed retrospectively. Concordance between sources was assessed. In the shared electronic health records, information was collected for four time-periods: the preceding three, six, nine and 12-months. The proportion of omitted data between time-periods was analysed.Results: A total of 148 patients were admitted, with a mean age of 54.6 ± 16.3 years. A total of 1639 medicines were retrieved. Only 29% were collected simultaneously in the three sources of information, 40% were only obtained in shared electronic health records and only 5% were obtained exclusively from patients. The total number of medicines gathered in shared electronic health records considering the different time frames were 778 (three-months), 1397 (six-months), 1748 (nine-months), and 1933 (12-months).Discussion: The use of shared electronic health records provides data that were omitted in the other data sources available and retrieving the information at six months is the most efficient procedure to establish the basis of the best possible medication history.Conclusion: Shared electronic health records should be the preferred source of information to supplement the patient or caregiver interview in order to increase the accuracy of best possible medication history of the patient, particularly if collected within the prior six months.

Trends in sugary drinks in Canada, 2004 to 2015: a comparison of market sales and dietary intake data

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 2723-2728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine D Czoli ◽  
Amanda C Jones ◽  
David Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sales Data ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Sugary Drinks ◽  
Recall Data ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Sectional Analysis

AbstractObjective:The current study aimed to examine the correspondence between sales data and dietary recall data for sugary drinks in Canada.Design:Repeat cross-sectional analysis of sales data for sugary drinks sold in Canada from 2004 to 2015 from two sources: GlobalData (GD) and Euromonitor (EM). Sugary drinks included ten beverage categories containing free sugars. Analyses examined sales volumes over time, with adjustment for population growth. National intake estimates were drawn from the 2004 and 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) Nutrition.Setting:Canada.Participants:Not applicable.Results:In 2015, daily per capita sugary drinks consumption was estimated as 356 ml (GD) and 443 ml (EM) from sales data sources, and as 277 ml from dietary recall data. Both sales data sources and dietary recall data indicated that per capita sugary drinks consumption decreased from 2004 to 2015, although the magnitude of this change differed: −23 % (GD), −17 % (EM) and −32 % (CCHS Nutrition). Market sales data showed similar trends among categories of sugary drinks, with decreases in sales of traditional beverage categories (e.g. carbonated soft drinks) and increases in novel categories (e.g. sugar-sweetened coffee).Conclusions:All data sources indicate a declining trend in sugary drinks consumption between 2004 and 2015, but with considerable differences in magnitude. Consumption estimates from sales data were substantially higher than estimates from dietary recall data, likely due to under-reporting of beverage intake through dietary recall and the inability of sales data to account for beverages sold but not consumed. Despite the observed decline, sugary drinks sales volumes remain high in Canada.

Identifying victims of violence using register-based data

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Kruse ◽  
Jan Sørensen ◽  
Henrik Brønnum-Hansen ◽  
Karin Helweg-Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Victims Of Violence

Aims: The aim of this study was twofold. Firstly we identified victims of violence in national registers and discussed strengths and weaknesses of this approach. Secondly we assessed the magnitude of violence and the characteristics of the victims using register-based data. Methods: We used three nationwide registers to identify victims of violence: The National Patient Register, the Victim Statistics, and the Causes of Death Register. We merged these data and assessed the degree of overlap between data sources. We identified a reference population by selecting all individuals in Denmark over 15 years of age that had not been exposed to violence. For the study population and the reference population, socioeconomic and demographic information were retrieved from Statistics Denmark. We used logistic regression models in a cross-sectional analysis to identify characteristics of victims of violence. Results: In 2006, 22,000 individuals were registered as having been exposed to violence. About 70% of these victims were men. Most victims were identified from emergency room contacts and police records, and few from the Causes of Death Register. There was some overlap between the two large data sources. We found significant differences between victims and non-victims according to socio-economic status, education, marital status, and ethnic origin, and also between victims by source of identification. Conclusions: We have identified a study population consisting of individual victims of violence that opens for further studies on violence. The use of different data sources is a strength but also a potential weakness to epidemiological, health economic, and other analyses using these data.

MIXING DRIVEN BY RAYLEIGH–TAYLOR INSTABILITY IN THE MESOSCALE MODELED WITH DISSIPATIVE PARTICLE DYNAMICS

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 91-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
WITOLD DZWINEL ◽  
DAVID A. YUEN
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Number ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Dissipative Particle Dynamics ◽  
Particle Dynamics ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Immiscible Fluids ◽  
Macroscopic Models ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Mixing Dynamics

In the mesoscale, mixing dynamics involving immiscible fluids is truly an outstanding problem in many fields, ranging from biology to geology, because of the multiscale nature which causes severe difficulties for conventional methods using partial differential equations. The existing macroscopic models incorporating the two microstructural mechanisms of breakup and coalescence do not have the necessary physical ingredients for feedback dynamics. We demonstrate here that the approach of dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) does include the feedback mechanism and thus can yield much deeper insight into the nature of immiscible mixing. We have employed the DPD method for simulating numerically the highly nonlinear aspects of the Rayleigh–Taylor (R–T) instability developed over the mesoscale for viscous, immiscible, elastically compressible fluids. In the initial stages, we encounter the spontaneous, vertical oscillations in the incipient period of mixing. The long-term dynamics are controlled by the initial breakup and the subsequent coalescence of the microstructures and the termination of the chaotic stage in the development of the R–T instability. In the regime with high capillary number, breakup plays a dominant role in the mixing whereas in the low capillary number regime, the flow decelerates and coalescence takes over and causes a more rapid turnover. The speed of mixing and the turnover depend on the immiscibility factor which results from microscopic interactions between the binary fluid components. Both the speed of mixing and the overturn dynamics depend not only on the mascrocopic fluid properties but also on the breakup and coalescent patterns, and most importantly on the nonlinear interactions between the microstructural dynamics and the large-scale flow.

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