scholarly journals Building Bridges between Structural and Program Evaluation Approaches to Evaluating Policy

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J Heckman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Program Evaluation ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Structural Approach ◽  
Third Way ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Evaluation Approaches

This paper compares the structural approach to economic policy analysis with the program evaluation approach. It offers a third way to do policy analysis that combines the best features of both approaches. I illustrate the value of this alternative approach by making the implicit economics of LATE explicit, thereby extending the interpretability and range of policy questions that LATE can answer. (JEL C21, E61)

scholarly journals Representative Transmission Coefficient for Evaluating the Wave Attenuation Performance of 3D Floating Breakwaters in Regular and Irregular Waves

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 388
Author(s):  
Huu Phu Nguyen ◽  
Jeong Cheol Park ◽  
Mengmeng Han ◽  
Chien Ming Wang ◽  
Nagi Abdussamie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Coefficient ◽  
Wave Height ◽  
Wave Attenuation ◽  
Transmitted Wave ◽  
Irregular Waves ◽  
Hydrodynamic Analysis ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
Floating Breakwater ◽  
Floating Breakwaters ◽  
Evaluation Approaches

Wave attenuation performance is the prime consideration when designing any floating breakwater. For a 2D hydrodynamic analysis of a floating breakwater, the wave attenuation performance is evaluated by the transmission coefficient, which is defined as the ratio between the transmitted wave height and the incident wave height. For a 3D breakwater, some researchers still adopted this evaluation approach with the transmitted wave height taken at a surface point, while others used the mean transmission coefficient within a surface area. This paper aims to first examine the rationality of these two evaluation approaches via verified numerical simulations of 3D heave-only floating breakwaters in regular and irregular waves. A new index—a representative transmission coefficient—is then presented for one to easily compare the wave attenuation performances of different 3D floating breakwater designs.

Jevons's Applications of Utilitarian Theory to Economic Policy

Utilitas ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra J. Peart
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Marginal Utility ◽  
Precise Nature ◽  
Utilitarian Theory

The precise nature of W. S. Jevons's utilitarianism as a guiding rule for economic policy has yet to be investigated, and that will be the first issue treated in this paper. While J. A. Schumpeter, for instance, asserted that ‘some of the most prominent exponents of marginal utility’ (including Jevons), were ‘convinced utilitarians’, he did not investigate the further implications for Jevons's policy analysis.

scholarly journals The contribution of realist evaluation to critical analysis of the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education competitions

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 405-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Brentnall ◽  
Iván Diego Rodríguez ◽  
Nigel Culkin
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Realist Evaluation ◽  
Professional Experience ◽  
Scientific Evaluation ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
Evidenced Based ◽  
Evaluation Approaches

The purpose of this article is to explore the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education (EE) programmes through the lens of realist evaluation (RE). The interest of the authoring team – a practitioner–academic mix with professional experience including developing EE in primary and secondary schools – lies with EE competitions, a type of intervention recommended for and delivered to students and pupils of all ages. RE is a theory-driven philosophy, methodology and adaptable logic of enquiry with which to conceptualize and analyse such programmes. In this study, we undertake an act of ‘organized scepticism’, as described by evidenced-based policy academic Ray Pawson, to identify and question the declared outcomes of EE competitions in European policy over a 10-year period. However, our contribution goes beyond the application of an evaluation approach, novel to EE. We argue that, while education generally, and EE specifically, appears committed to emulating ‘gold standard’ scientific evaluation approaches (e.g. randomized controlled trials, systematic review and meta-analysis), the field of evidenced-based policymaking has moved on. Now, alternative methodological strategies are being embraced and RE in particular has evolved as an approach which better aligns knowledge production with the reality of complex, socially contingent programmes. By using this approach, we not only establish that education and psychology theories challenge the outcomes of EE competitions declared in policy, but also demonstrate the wider relevance of RE to the appraisal and refinement of the theorizing and practice of entrepreneurship programmes and interventions.

The practice and promise of policy analysis and program evaluation to improve decision making within the U.S. federal government

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca A. Maynard
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Program Evaluation ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Present Context ◽  
History Of ◽  
Strategies For Change ◽  
Current Movement ◽  
The U.S

This chapter draws on a 40-year history of patchwork efforts to use data to inform the development of public policy and shape its implementation. I begin with a description of the evolution of the policy process, drawing largely on experiences within the U.S. Departments of Health and Human Services, Education, and Labor. All three agencies have been major supporters of and contributors to advances in the methods of policy analysis and the use of program evaluation to guide decision making. The chapter draws on the roles of these agencies in laying the groundwork for the current emphasis on evidence-based policymaking, in part because of their leadership roles and in part because of the author’s first-hand experience working with these agencies. Of particular note is its attention to the lead up to the present context in which policy analysis and program evaluation are central to both the policy development and monitoring processes. The chapter ends with a discussion of the current movement to create and use credible evidence on the impacts and cost-effectiveness of programs, policies and practices as the foundation for more efficient and effective government and, where evidence is lacking, for integrating a knowledge-building agenda into the roll-out of strategies for change. 

Advancing Evidence-Based Practice Through Program Evaluation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Q. Morrison ◽  
Anna L. Harms
Keyword(s):  
Program Evaluation ◽  
School Improvement ◽  
Change Agents ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
School Based ◽  
Tier System ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Education Today ◽  
Evaluation Of Evidence ◽  
Evaluation Approaches

The demand for results-driven accountability is pervasive in all aspects of education today. The shift in emphasis from compliance to accountability for closing achievement gaps and improving student outcomes creates challenges and opportunities for school-based professionals. School-based professionals have a significant role to play in supporting school improvement efforts and improving outcomes for students in their role as program evaluators. Despite the need for advanced knowledge and skills in program evaluation, resources dedicated to developing the competencies of school-based professionals in evaluation approaches, methods, and tools are scarce. This book addresses this need by serving as a practical resource for school-based professionals seeking to use program evaluation to enhance data-based decision making and accountability as informed by implementation research and within the context of a multi-tier system of supports framework. Throughout this book, school-based professionals are positioned as change agents guiding their school or school districts in the adoption, implementation, and evaluation of evidence-based interventions and systems of support to meet students’ academic and behavioral needs.

Comparing the Power of Quality-Control Rules to Detect Persistent Increases In Random Error

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
C A Parvin
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
Control Rules ◽  
Stable Operating ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Analytical Imprecision

Abstract This paper continues an investigation into the merits of an alternative approach to the statistical evaluation of quality-control rules. In this report, computer simulation is used to evaluate and compare quality-control rules designed to detect increases in within-run or between-run imprecision. When out-of-control conditions are evaluated in terms of their impact on total analytical imprecision, the error detection ability of a rule depends on the relative magnitudes of the between-run and within-run error components under stable operating conditions. A recently proposed rule based on the F-test, designed to detect increases in between-run imprecision, is shown to have relatively poor performance characteristics. Additionally, several issues are examined that have been difficult to address with the traditional evaluation approach.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of a Robot-Mounted Interferometer for an Industrial Environment

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Istvan Biro ◽  
Peter Kinnell
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Deployment ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Interferometric Sensors ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
Independent Evaluation ◽  
Detailed Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Approaches ◽  
Comprehensive Characterization

High value manufacturing requires production-integrated, fast, multi-sensor and multi-scale inspection. To meet this need, the robotic deployment of sensors within the factory environment is becoming increasingly popular. For microscale measurement applications, robot-mountable versions of high-resolution instruments, that are traditionally deployed in a laboratory environment, are now becoming available. However, standard methodologies for the evaluation of these instruments, particularly when mounted to a robot, have yet to be fully defined, and therefore, there is limited independent evaluation data to describe the potential performance of these systems. In this paper, a detailed evaluation approach is presented for light-weight robot mountable scanning interferometric sensors. Traditional evaluation approaches are considered and extended to account for robotic sensor deployment within industrial environments. The applicability and value of proposed evaluation is demonstrated through the comprehensive characterization of a Heliotis H6 interferometric sensors. The results indicate the performance of the sensor, in comparison to a traditional laboratory-based system, and demonstrate the limits of the sensor capability. Based-on the evaluation an effective strategy for robotic deployment of the sensor is demonstrated.

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