scholarly journals Soil Endowments, Female Labor Force Participation, and the Demographic Deficit of Women in India

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliana Carranza
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Clayey Soils ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
Female Children ◽  
Women In India

Differences in relative female employment by soil texture are used to explain the heterogeneous deficit of female children across districts within India. Soil texture varies exogenously and determines the depth of land tillage. Deep tillage, possible in loamy but not in clayey soil textures, reduces the demand for labor in agricultural tasks traditionally performed by women. Girls have a lower economic value where female labor opportunities are fewer. Consistently, higher relative female employment in agriculture improves the ratio of female to male children in districts that have a smaller fraction of loamy relative to clayey soils. (JEL J16, J23, J43, O13)

scholarly journals What Explains Uneven Female Labor Force Participation Levels and Trends in Developing Countries?

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Klasen
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Female Labor Force Participation ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Women's Labor ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
Women's Labor Force Participation

Abstract Rapid fertility decline, a strong expansion of female education, and favorable economic conditions should have promoted female labor force participation in developing countries. Yet trends in female labor force participation rates (FLFP) have been quite heterogeneous, rising strongly in Latin America and stagnating in many other regions, while improvements were modest in the Middle East and female participation even fell in South Asia. These trends are inconsistent with secular theories such as the feminization U hypothesis but point to an interplay of initial conditions, economic structure, structural change, and persistent gender norms and values. We find that differences in levels are heavily affected by historical differences in economic structure that circumscribe women's economic opportunities still today. Shocks can bring about drastic changes, with the experience of socialism being the most important shock to women's labor force participation. Trends are heavily affected by how much women's labor force participation depends on their household's economic conditions, how jobs deemed appropriate for more educated women are growing relative to the supply of more educated women, whether growth strategies are promoting female employment, and to what extent women are able to break down occupational barriers within the sectors where women predominantly work.

scholarly journals The Rise and Fall of Female Labor Force Participation During World War II in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan K. Rose
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Female Labor Force Participation ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Local Labor Markets ◽  
World War ◽  
Female Labor

I use new data on employment and job placements during WWII to characterize the wartime surge in female work and its subsequent impact on female employment in the United States. The geography of female wartime work was primarily driven by industrial mobilization, not drafted men’s withdrawal from local labor markets. After the war, returning veterans and sharp cutbacks in war-related industries displaced many new female entrants, despite interest in continued work. As a result, areas most exposed to wartime work show limited overall effects on female labor force participation in 1950 and only marginal increases in durables manufacturing employment.

scholarly journals The Relationships Between the Female Labor Force Participation Rate and Economic Development: A Correlation Analysis for Turkey

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayfer Ustabaş ◽  
Tanses Yasemin Gülsoy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Female Labor Force Participation ◽  
Labor Force Participation Rate ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
The World

Integration of women into the labor market has been a crucial indicator of economic development and social welfare. Although Turkey has taken important steps in terms of integrating with the world economy by shifting from an import-substituting industrialization model to an export-oriented growth strategy from the 1980s onward, female labor force participation rates and the significant regional variations in these rates indicate that women’s integration into the labor force has not kept pace with economic development. The influence of economic growth on female employment participation has been discussed in many studies. But, studies analyzing the interdependent relationship of female labor force participation and economic growth as well as the interplay of labor force participation and sectoral GDP growth have been limited. The purpose of this study is to fill this gap by evaluating the relationships between female labor force participation rate and economic growth expressed by GDP per capita levels in Turkey for the 1990-2015 period, using data from the World Development Indicators (WDI) 2017 database of the World Bank. The empirical findings point to a strong correlation between the rate of female labor force participation in industry and services sectors and economic development.

Female Labor Force Participation in Pakistan

10.1596/30197 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saman Amir ◽  
Aphichoke Kotikula ◽  
Rohini P. Pande ◽  
Laurent Loic Yves Bossavie ◽  
Upasana Khadka
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Female Labor Force Participation ◽  
Female Labor
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