scholarly journals Parental Education and Child Health: Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Taiwan

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-Yi Chou ◽  
Jin-Tan Liu ◽  
Michael Grossman ◽  
Ted Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Junior High School ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Differential Rate ◽  
Infant Birth Outcomes ◽  
Infant Birth ◽  
And Child Health

In 1968, the Taiwanese government extended compulsory education from 6 to 9 years and opened over 150 new junior high schools at a differential rate among regions. Within each region, we exploit variations across cohorts in new junior high school openings to construct an instrument for schooling, and employ it to estimate the causal effects of mother's or father's schooling on infant birth outcomes in the years 1978–1999. Parents' schooling does cause favorable infant health outcomes. The increase in schooling associated with the reform saved almost 1 infant life in 1,000 live births. (JEL I12, I21, J12, J13, R23)

Rural education across China’s 40 years of reform: past successes and future challenges

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Yue ◽  
Bin Tang ◽  
Yaojiang Shi ◽  
Jingjing Tang ◽  
Guanminjia Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Rural Education ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rural Schooling ◽  
The Government

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe the policy and trends in rural education in China over the past 40 years; and also discuss a number of challenges that are faced by China’s rural school system. Design/methodology/approach The authors use secondary data on policies and trends over the past 40 years for preschool, primary/junior high school, and high school. Findings The trends over the past 40 years in all areas of rural schooling have been continually upward and strong. While only a low share of rural children attended preschool in the 1980s, by 2014 more than 90 percent of rural children were attending. The biggest achievement in compulsory education is that the rise in the number of primary students that finish grade 6 and matriculate to junior high school. There also was a steep rise of those going to and completing high school. While the successes in upscaling rural education are absolutely unprecedented, there are still challenges. Research limitations/implications This is descriptive analysis and there is not causal link established between policies and rural schooling outcomes. Practical implications The authors illustrate one of the most rapid rises of rural education in history and match the achievements up with the policy efforts of the government. The authors also explore policy priorities that will be needed in the coming years to raise the quality of schooling. Originality/value This is the first paper that documents both the policies and the empirical trends of the success that China has created in building rural education from preschool to high school during the first 40 years of reform (1978-2018). The paper also documents – drawing on the literature and the own research – the achievements and challenges that China still face in the coming years, including issues of gender, urbanization, early childhood education and health and nutrition of students.

scholarly journals Hubungan Pembinaan Orang Tua dan Pembinaan Siswa dengan Jiwa Kepemimpinan Siswa Di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Bogor

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Herlina Herlina ◽  
Muhyani Muhyani ◽  
Zahrotunni'mah Zahrotunni'mah
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Student Leadership ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Parental Guidance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to determine the relationship of parental guidance and coaching students with the leadership spirit of students in Muhammadiyah 1 Junior High School, Bogor City. This study uses quantitative methods. The design of this study is correlation research. The subjects in this study were students of Bogor 1 Muhammadiyah Middle School whose population amounted to 430 students with a total sample of 25% of the total population of 125 students. Data collection was carried out using questionnaire instrument 3 variable X1, namely Parenting and X2 variables, namely student coaching in school and variable Y, namely the soul of Vain leadership. To find out the relationship between parenting and fostering students with the leadership spirit of students in school, using the multiple correlation formula. Multiple Correlations. The results of the correlation coefficient between the three variables namely the magnitude of r_count (ie = 0.235) the amount between 0.41-0.60 means that the positive correlation between variables X1, X2 and Y includes a weak correlation in parental education and coaching in schools with a leadership spirit. So it can be concluded that based on data analysis obtained from this study there is a significant correlation between parental exemplary and religious fostering in schools with a religious awareness of students at the City of Bogor 1 Junior High School. Keywords: Fostering Parents, Guiding Students, Student Leadership Spirit. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pembinaan orang tua dan pembinaan siswa dengan jiwa kepemimpinan siswa di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Kota Bogor. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah penelitian korelasi. Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Kota Bogor yang populasinya berjumlah 430 siswa dengan jumlah sampel 25% dari jumlah populasi yaitu 125 siswa. Pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan instrument angket 3 variabel X1, yaitu Pembinaan orang tua dan variable X2, yaitu pembinaan siswa di sekolah dan variabel Y, yaitu Jiwa kepemimpinan siawa. Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pembinaan orang tua dan pembinaan siswa dengan jiwa kepemimpinan siswa di sekola menggunakan rumus kolerasi berganda. Hasil koefisien kolerasi antara tiga variabel Yaitu besarnya (yaitu = 0,235) yang besarnya antara 0,41-0,60 berarti korelasi positif antara variabel X1, X2 dan Y termasuk korelasi lemah dalam pendidikan orang tua dan pembinaan di sekolah dengan jiwa kepemimpinan. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa berdasarkan analisis data yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara keteladanan orang tua dan pembinaan keagamaan di sekolah dengan kesadaran beragama siswa di SMPN 1 Kota Bogor. Kata Kunci: Pembinaan Orang Tua, Pembinaan Siswa, Jiwa Kepemimpinan Siswa.

scholarly journals PERAMPASAN HAK PENDIDIKAN PEREMPUAN DALAM IKATAN PERKAWINAN USIA ANAK DI PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN (Analisis Data Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2012)

Vidya Karya ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma Yuni Kartika ◽  
Muhajir Darwin ◽  
Sukamdi Sukamdi
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Women's Education ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Marriage Age ◽  
First Marriage

Abstract. This study aimed to find out the deprivation of women's education right in the bond of child age marriage in the province of South Kalimantan. The design of the study was cross-sectional study using data Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) in 2012. The right of women education in this study is the educational attainment and achievement of nine-year compulsory education of 15-49 years old women. The age of first marriage is divided into three categories, namely under 18 years, 18-20 years and above 20 years. The population of this study in accordance with the population on the IDHS 2012 in South Kalimantan. Analysis of the data using the percentage distribution and Chi Square test. The highest percentage of women at first marriage age under 18 years, 18-20 years and over 20 years in a row namely ungraduated of primary school (38.81%), ungraduated of junior high school (30.32%) and graduate of junior high school (33.86 %). The highest percentage of first marriage age under 18 years old and 18-20 years old at is similar, namely not achieving the nine years compulsory (93.84% and 71.48%), while the highest percentage age of first marriage of women over 20-year is achieving the nine year cumpolsary (56.65%). Keywords: deprivation, women's education right, marriage age Abstrak. Tulisan ini bertujuan mengetahui perampasan hak pendidikan perempuan dalam ikatan perkawinan usia anak di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Rancangan penelitian cross sectional dengan menggunakan data Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) Tahun 2012. Hak pendidikan perempuan dalam penelitian ini yaitu pencapaian pendidikan dan pencapaian wajib belajar sembilan tahun perempuan 15-49 tahun. Usia perkawinan pertama dibagi tiga kategori, yaitu di bawah 18 tahun, 18-20 tahun dan di atas 20 tahun. Populasi tulisan ini sesuai dengan populasi pada SDKI 2012 di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan.  Analisis data menggunakan distribusi prosentase dan  uji Chi Square. Prosentase tertinggi usia perkawinan pertama perempuan di bawah 18 tahun, 18-20 tahun dan di atas 20 tahun berturut-turut yaitu tidak tamat SD (38,81 %), tidak tamat SMP (30,32 %) dan Tamat SMP (33,86 %). Usia perkawinan pertama di bawah 18 tahun dan 18-20 tahun prosentase tertingginya sama, yaitu tidak tercapainya wajib belajar sembilan tahun (93,84 % dan 71,48 %), sedangkan usia perkawinan pertama perempuan di atas 20 tahun tertinggi pada tercapainya wajib belajar sembilan tahun (56,65 %). Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa perkawinan usia anak perempuan mayoritas tidak mencapai wajib belajar sembilan tahun. Artinya ikatan perkawinan usia anak telah merampas hak pendidikan perempuan di Kalimantan Selatan.  Kata kunci: perampasan, hak pendidikan perempuan, perkawinan usia anak 

scholarly journals The school attendance problem in Japanese compulsory education: the case of a public junior high school

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Maeda ◽  
Soichiro Hatada
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
School Year ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Definition Of

The purpose of this study was to collect accurate data on the School Attendance Problem (SAP) in Japan at a local level while using an explicit definition of legitimate attendance. Attendance data on 35 students at a junior high school (M=13.9 years, SD=0.9) were extracted and 11 fundamental factors related to SAP were examined. The analysis showed that the number of absences in the previous year was a strong predictor of SAP in the current year; that more than 90% of the subjects did not take advantage of special institutions; that parents’s attitude was a significant predictor of the prolongation of SAP; and that school withdrawal type (SW) was the most common form of SAP. Regardless of their attendance record or academic performance, all SAP students were advanced to the next grade at the end of the school year. Close cooperation between parents and school is identified as a key factor in addressing SAP. To give effective support to SAP students in Japan, it is necessary to review aspects of the educational system that may be encouraging students not to attend school.

scholarly journals English Coursebook Adoption Processes for Junior High Schools in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
David Hammett
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Junior High Schools ◽  
Board Of Education ◽  
Education Courses

In Japan, each municipal or prefectural board of education (BOE) is responsible for selecting its own coursebook series to be used in English lessons for nation-wide, compulsory education courses (elementary through junior high school) and in high school. This paper is a report on the investigation of the official governmental websites of five municipal or prefectural BOEs to find what kinds of methods they currently use for the selection process of English coursebooks for junior high school (JHS). The processes employed by the BOEs were examined. It appears that the criteria BOEs use for selection differ and may not be firmly grounded in research on SLA and materials evaluation. Another consequence of the strategies used by BOEs is that they may be less inclined to adopt different coursebook series than those used in previous years. 日本では、各市町村または県の教育委員会（BOE）が、小学校から中学校の義務教育及び高校の英語の授業で使用する独自の教科書を選択する責任がある。本論文では、政府の公式ウェブサイト上の5つの教育委員会を調査して、BOEが中学校英語の教科書採択に現在どのような方法を採用しているかについて報告する。BOEで採用されている教科書採択方法を調べたところ、各BOEによって基準は多少異なり、SLAと教材評価の研究にしっかりと基づいていない可能性がある。BOEによっては、前年度で使用されたものとは異なる英語教科書を採用する事に消極的である可能性もある。

Implementasi Kebijakan Dana BOS di Kota Malang

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Prasetyo Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
High School ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
School Age ◽  
Unit Costs ◽  
Adequate Education ◽  
Formal Employment ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

AbstrakKebijakan Bantuan Operasional Sekolah mengalami peningkatan biaya satuan dan juga perubahan mekanisme penyaluran sesuai Undang-Undang APBN yang berlaku. Di Indonesia setiap anak yang sudah memasuki usia sekolah yakni antara 7-15 tahun ditekankan wajib mendapatkan pendidikan mulai dari SD sampai SMP yang merupakan syarat terendah untuk dapat memasuki lapangan kerja formal. Namun seseorang yang sudah menamatkan pendidikan di SMA/ sederajat haruslah melanjutkan pendidikan ke Perguruan Tinggi. Hal ini tentu dimaksudkan agar setiap orang dapat memperoleh pendidikan dan keterampilan yang cukup dalam menghadapi masa kehidupannya dan memiliki daya saing yang memadai. Penelitian ini merupakan kualitatif deskriptif, yang mempunyai tujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi kebijakan dana BOS yang ada di Kota Malang. Permasalahan yang masih terjadi banyaknya laporan terkait penyelewengan dana BOS, Pelaporan terkait penggunaan dana BOS yang terbilang masih minim bagi masyarakat dan Masih adanya Keterlambatan dalam pelaporan penggunaan dana BOS. ABSTRACTImplementation of Boss Funds Policy In Malang City.The School Operational Assistance Policy has increased unit costs and also changes in the distribution mechanism in accordance with the applicable APBN Law. In Indonesia every child who has entered school age ie between 7-15 years is emphasized compulsory education from elementary to junior high school which is the lowest requirement to be able to enter formal employment. But someone who has graduated from high school / equivalent must continue their education to Higher Education. This of course is intended so that everyone can obtain adequate education and skills in dealing with their lifetime and have adequate competitiveness. This research is descriptive qualitative, which has the objective to find out the implementation of BOS fund policies in Malang. 

KESIAPAN MADRASAH DALAM PELAKSANAAN WAJIB BELAJAR 12 TAHUN

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurudin Nurudin
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Senior High School ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Pilot Program

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to determine: 1) local government policies in the implementation of 12-year compulsory education, 2) policies of the Ministry of Religious Affairs on the implementation of 12-year compulsory education in Madrasah Aliyah (Islamic Senior High School) and 3) the readiness of Islamic Senior High School in infrastructure, financial, and educational staff aspects of 12-year com­pulsory education. This study used the qualitative approach with a policy analysis. Data sources were obtained and collected from interviews, observation and documentation. The findings included: comple­tion of 9-year compulsory education at Elementary School/ Islamic Elementary School and Junior High School / Islamic Junior High School in Districts / Cities of the study target areas completed, except for a small portion of areas whose GER and NER have not met 95% as pilot program requirements of 12- year compulsory education. Policies of Provincial, District, and City Governments have largely led to the pilot program of 12-year compulsory education. Meanwhile, the policies of the Ministry of Religious Affairs had not prepared the regulatory device, either regulations, guidelines or other technical guidance related to the pilot program of 12-year compulsory education in Islamic Senior High School. The as­pect of the availability of infrastructure and facilities in Public Islamic Senior High School is adequate and appropriate to the national standards, whereas most Private Islamic Senior High School does not meet minimum standards based on the standardized infrastructure and facilities. Meanwhile, for the financing aspect, no balance between revenue and expenditure is yet found, especially at Private Islamic Senior High School annually.AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: 1) kebijakan Pemerintah daerah terhadap penye­lenggaraan wajib belajar 12 Tahun, 2) kebijakan Kementerian Agama terhadap pelaksanaan program wajib belajar 12 tahun di Madrasah Aliyah dan 3) kesiapan Madrasah Aliyah dalam aspek sarana­prasarana, pembiayaan, dan tenaga kependidikan dalam program wajib belajar 12 tahun. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisis kebijakan (policy analysis). Sumber data digali dan dikumpulkan dari hasil wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ditemukan antara lain: Penuntasan wajib belajar pendidikan dasar 9 tahun pada jenjang SD/MI dan SMP/MTs di Ka­bupaten/Kota pada daerah sasaran penelitian telah tuntas, kecuali sebagian kecil daerah yang APK dan APM belum memenuhi 95% sebagai sarat rintisan program wajib belajar 12 tahun. Kebijakan Pemda Propinsi, Kabupaten, dan Kota sebagian besar telah mengarah pada rintisan program wajib belajar 12 tahun. Sedangkan kebijakan Kementerian Agama belum menyiapkan perangkat regulasi, baik peraturan, pedoman, dan petunjuk teknis lainnya terkait rintisan program wajib belajar 12 tahun di madrasah Aliyah. Pada aspek ketersediaan sarana prasarana di MAN telah memadai dan sesuai standar nasional, sebaliknya di madrasah swasta sebagian besar belum memenuhi standar minimum berdasarkan standar sarana prasarana. Dan pada aspek pembiayaan belum terjadi keseimbangan antara pendapatan dan pengeluaran khususnya pada madrasah swasta dalam setiap tahunnya.

scholarly journals Parental Education and Child Health: Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Taiwan

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-Yi Chou ◽  
Jin-Tan Liu ◽  
Michael Grossman ◽  
Theodore Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
And Child Health
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