scholarly journals School Quality and the Gender Gap in Educational Achievement

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Autor ◽  
David Figlio ◽  
Krzysztof Karbownik ◽  
Jeffrey Roth ◽  
Melanie Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
School Quality ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Administrative Records ◽  
Opposite Sex

Recent evidence indicates that boys and girls are differently affected by the quantity and quality of family inputs received in childhood. We assess whether this is also true for schooling inputs. Using matched Florida birth and school administrative records, we estimate the causal effect of school quality on the gender gap in educational outcomes by contrasting opposite-sex siblings who attend the same sets of schools--thereby purging family heterogeneity--and leveraging within-family variation in school quality arising from family moves. Investigating middle school test scores, absences and suspensions, we find that boys benefit more than girls from cumulative exposure to higher quality schools.

scholarly journals The Right to Education Act: Trends in Enrollment, Test Scores, and School Quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 232-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manisha Shah ◽  
Bryce Steinberg
Keyword(s):  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
School Quality ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Right To Education ◽  
Free Primary Education ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Education Act ◽  
The Right ◽  
National Trends

The Right to Education (RTE) Act passed in 2009 guarantees access to free primary education to all children ages 6-14 in India. This paper investigates whether national trends in educational outcomes change around the time of this law using household surveys and administrative data. We document four trends: (1) school-going increases after the passage of RTE, (2) test scores decline dramatically after 2010, (3) school infrastructure appears to improve both before and after RTE, and (4) the number of students who have to repeat a grade falls precipitously after RTE is enacted, in line with official provisions of the law.

scholarly journals Gender differences in educational outcomes and the effect of family background: A comparative perspective from East Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-335
Author(s):  
Hideo Akabayashi ◽  
Kayo Nozaki ◽  
Shiho Yukawa ◽  
Wangyang Li
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Longitudinal Surveys ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Rich Information

There is wide variation in the degree of gender gap in test scores around the world, suggesting the strong influence of institutions, culture and inequality. We present comparative evidence on the gender gap in educational achievement in China, Japan, and the USA, with an emphasis on the gender-specific effect of parental income and education, and the child’s own preferences for study subjects. We used three major national representative longitudinal surveys with rich information about cognitive outcome measures of respondent children as well as educational investment and parental socio-economic status that allow us to analyze their inter-relationship. We found that low household income tends to have more adverse effects on language test scores for boys than for girls in the USA, as is consistent with previous studies. However, it does not have an impact on gender gap in test scores in China and tends to affect girls more adversely than boys in Japan.

scholarly journals Experimental Evidence on the Effects of Home Computers on Academic Achievement among Schoolchildren

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W Fairlie ◽  
Jonathan Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Intermediate Inputs ◽  
Modern Education ◽  
Null Effect ◽  
Home Computers ◽  
Computer Ownership ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Rule Out

Computers are an important part of modern education, yet many schoolchildren lack access to a computer at home. We test whether this impedes educational achievement by conducting the largest-ever field experiment that randomly provides free home computers to students. Although computer ownership and use increased substantially, we find no effects on any educational outcomes, including grades, test scores, credits earned, attendance, and disciplinary actions. Our estimates are precise enough to rule out even modestly-sized positive or negative impacts. The estimated null effect is consistent with survey evidence showing no change in homework time or other “intermediate” inputs in education. (JEL I21, I24, J13)

scholarly journals Do Boys and Girls Use Computers Differently, and Does It Contribute to Why Boys do Worse in School Than Girls?

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Fairlie
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Computer Use ◽  
Personal Computers ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Achievement Data ◽  
Writing Test ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Boys are doing worse in school than are girls, which has been dubbed “the Boy Crisis.” An analysis of the latest data on educational outcomes among boys and girls reveals extensive disparities in grades, reading and writing test scores, and other measurable educational outcomes, and these disparities exist across family resources and race. Focusing on disadvantaged schoolchildren, I then examine whether time investments made by boys and girls related to computer use contribute to the gender gap in academic achievement. Data from several sources indicate that boys are less likely to use computers for schoolwork and are more likely to use computers for playing games, but are less likely to use computers for social networking and email than are girls. Using data from a large field experiment randomly providing free personal computers to schoolchildren for home use, I also test whether these differential patterns of computer use displace homework time and ultimately translate into worse educational outcomes among boys. No evidence is found indicating that personal computers crowd out homework time and effort for disadvantaged boys relative to girls. Home computers also do not have negative effects on educational outcomes such as grades, test scores, courses completed, and tardies for disadvantaged boys relative to girls.

scholarly journals School Quality and the Gender Gap in Educational Achievement

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Autor ◽  
David Figlio ◽  
Krzysztof Karbownik ◽  
Jeffrey Roth ◽  
Melanie Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
School Quality ◽  
Educational Achievement

scholarly journals CRIME EXPOSURE AND EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES IN MEXICO

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Paulo Orraca Romano
Keyword(s):  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Homicide Rate ◽  
School Level ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Student Body ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Contact Hours ◽  
Grade Failure

Driven by drug-related crimes, homicide levels in Mexico have dramatically increased since 2007. This study examines the effect of students’ exposure to crime on educational outcomes in Mexico. Using school-level data, a panel of the country’s elementary and secondary schools is constructed to analyse the effect of local homicides on standardised test scores and grade failure rates. The results show that a one-unit increase in the homicide rate per 10,000 inhabitants is associated with a reduction in school-level test scores between 0.0035 and 0.0142 standard deviations, this is likely being driven by effects of individual test scores and by compositional changes in the student body. Additionally, a rise in the homicide rate is also associated with an increase in the grade failure rate. It is proposed that the negative effects of crime exposure are partly due to a reduction of the number of contact hours, and students not compensating for this, by studying more outside of school. Exposure to homicides has potentially long-term consequences since it may affect educational achievement levels and future income flow. RESUMEN Debido a un aumento en el número de delitos relacionados con el crimen organizado, los niveles de homicidios en México se incrementaron drásticamente a partir de 2007. Este artículo estudia los efectos de la exposición a altos niveles de homicidios sobre los logros educativos en México. Para ello, se construye un panel de escuelas primarias y secundarias a fin de analizar los efectos de los homicidios sobre los resultados de la prueba ENLACE y la tasa de reprobación. Los resultados muestran que un aumento en una unidad en la tasa de homicidios por cada 10,000 habitantes está asociado con una reducción en los resultados de la prueba ENLACE entre 0.0035 y 0.0042 desviaciones estándar, donde estos hallazgos son producto del efecto negativo sobre los resultados de la prueba y del cambio en la composición estudiantil dentro de las escuelas. Asimismo, incrementos en los niveles de homicidios también están asociados con un aumento en la tasa de reprobación. Los efectos negativos generados por los homicidios son, en parte, producto de una reducción en el número de horas que los alumnos asisten a la escuela.

SEKOLAH GRATIS DAN MUTU SEKOLAH: STUDI KASUS DI SMAN 2 BABAT TOMAN MUSI BANYUASIN SUMSEL

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Afriantoni Afriantoni ◽  
Ibrahim Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
School Quality ◽  
School Policy ◽  
School Education ◽  
Education Quality ◽  
Free School ◽  
School Costs

This study aimed to describe in depth between the link of school policy and the school quality improvement. The method in this study is a qualitative method using the case study presented descriptively. This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 2 Babat Tomat Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin. Based on this study it was found that the First, free school policy can help the economy / ease the burden of school costs to be incurred by the parents. Second, the policy constraints of the application for free school educa-tion at SMAN 2 Babat Toman is not very effective, so that the students' interest is not increasing, infrastructure is one of the obstacles in the implementation of free school education, how the quality of schools will be increased if it is not supported by facilities and complete infrastructure. Third, the quality of school education free SMAN 2 Babat Toman already realized well with regard to input, input turns unselected maximum, that is the students. Fourth, the implementation of free school education in Banyuasin, the quality of school SMAN 2 Babat Toman Muba Sumsel was not increased. This means that the implementation for free school education quality of school SMAN 2 Babat Toman was not increased.Keywords : free schools, school quality, case studies

Gender and Regional Differences in the Life Expectancy in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Rodionova ◽  
E. D. Kopnova
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Poor Nutrition

The relevance of the chosen topic is closely related to the development of a system for monitoring the implementation of the May Presidential Decree (2018) to increase life expectancy and improve the quality of life of the population. It has been stated that despite the positive dynamics of life expectancy over the past decade, Russia still has a huge regional differentiation (16,6 years for women, 18,2 years for men in 2016) and an average gender gap - 10,6 years. The choice of factors affecting the gender gap in life expectancy in Russian regions is supported by a conclusion most common in foreign studies that climatic conditions, living conditions, the quality of food and drinking water, alcohol consumption are essential components of public health and life expectancy.The article provides an overview of studies on assessment factors of life expectancy, presents the authors’ approach to identifying gender gaps in life expectancy, living conditions, and lifestyle affecting the indicator of life expectancy. The paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of gender gap in life expectancy in Russia and foreign countries. The paper studies the correlation between living conditions and lifestyle, and life expectancy.Classification of the regions by the life expectancy at birth for men and women is an important component of this study. The authors used Rosstat data for 2016 and the k-means method to select three clusters of Russian regions taking into account gender, living conditions and lifestyle. The paper identifies similar health problems of the regions that are associated with alcohol consumption, poor nutrition and poor quality of drinking water, poor housing and living conditions. The lowest life expectancy rates for men and women are recorded in regions of the 1st cluster (Jewish Autonomous Region, Republic of Tuva, Chukotka Autonomous Area). High mortality rates are a result of external causes. There is a poor quality of drinking water and poor nutrition, excessive alcohol consumption, and inadequate housing conditions.Based on the obtained results were determined possible reserves for reducing the gender and regional differentiation of life expectancy.

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