scholarly journals Rethinking Protection of Those Displaced by Humanitarian Crises

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 446-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan F. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Industrial Accidents ◽  
Communal Violence ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
Humanitarian Crises ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Operational Frameworks ◽  
Cartel Violence ◽  
Sizeable Number

In June 2015, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees announced a landmark event in the history of his organization. UNHCR estimated that there were more refugees and displaced persons than it had counted since its establishment in 1950--almost 60 million who fled conflict and persecution. While certainly large in its own right, the number actually underestimates displacement in today's world. Many millions more are displaced each year and cumulatively from a much broader range of life-threatening humanitarian crises than captured by UNHCR's figures. An average of 26.4 million were displaced annually by acute natural hazards since 2008 and an unknown but sizeable number from gang and cartel violence, electoral and communal violence, nuclear and industrial accidents, and a range of other human made disasters. This paper argues for new legal, institutional and operational frameworks to more effectively address the situation of the totality of displaced persons.

The Tropes of Jewish/Muslim Difference

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia Egorova
Keyword(s):  
Reference Point ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
Communal Violence ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

The chapter explores how notions of Jewish and Muslim difference play out in the history of communal violence in independent India. In doing so it will first interrogate the way in which trajectories of anti-Muslim ideologies intersect in India with Nazi rhetoric that harks back to Hitler’s Germany, and the (lack of) the memory of the Holocaust on the subcontinent. It will then discuss how the experiences of contemporary Indian Jewish communities both mirror and contrast those of Indian Muslims and how Indian Jews and the alleged absence of anti-Semitism in India have become a reference point in the discourse of the Hindu right deployed to mask anti-Muslim and other forms of intolerance.

scholarly journals Catheter Ablation of Life-Threatening Ventricular Arrhythmias in Athletes

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Nicola Tarantino ◽  
Domenico G. Della Rocca ◽  
Nicole S. De Leon De La Cruz ◽  
Eric D. Manheimer ◽  
Michele Magnocavallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catheter Ablation ◽  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Arrhythmogenic Substrate ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anatomic Distribution ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Surveillance Analysis

A recent surveillance analysis indicates that cardiac arrest/death occurs in ≈1:50,000 professional or semi-professional athletes, and the most common cause is attributable to life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). It is critically important to diagnose any inherited/acquired cardiac disease, including coronary artery disease, since it frequently represents the arrhythmogenic substrate in a substantial part of the athletes presenting with major VAs. New insights indicate that athletes develop a specific electro-anatomical remodeling, with peculiar anatomic distribution and VAs patterns. However, because of the scarcity of clinical data concerning the natural history of VAs in sports performers, there are no dedicated recommendations for VA ablation. The treatment remains at the mercy of several individual factors, including the type of VA, the athlete’s age, and the operator’s expertise. With the present review, we aimed to illustrate the prevalence, electrocardiographic (ECG) features, and imaging correlations of the most common VAs in athletes, focusing on etiology, outcomes, and sports eligibility after catheter ablation.

Intraorbital Abscess: A Rare Cause of Orbit Compression

FACE ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 273250162110050
Author(s):  
Samuel Ruiz ◽  
Rizal Lim
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
External Drainage ◽  
Direct Extension ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

Introduction: Intraorbital abscess is a rare complication of rhinosinusitis that affects most commonly the pediatric population. It is thought to be caused by direct extension or venous spread of infections from contiguous sites and can lead to life-threatening complications, like permanent visual loss and cerebral abscesses. Objectives: Intraorbital abscess is a rare condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to avoid serious complications. Our objectives are to provide an overview of this rare disease process and its management including our successful treatment experience. Case Description: We present a 2 case report of a 13-year-old pediatric male and a 66-year-old male with history of chronic sinusitis who presented with a right intraorbital abscess successfully treated with external drainage with decompression of the orbit. Conclusion: When intraorbital abscess is encountered, a high index of suspicion is needed to allow prompt and accurate diagnosis for this infrequent condition. Timely surgical drainage of the abscess is needed to prevent the development of fatal complications.

scholarly journals Asymptomatic mediastinal extra-adrenal paraganglioma as a cause of sudden death: a case Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 564-567
Author(s):  
Qiancheng Xu ◽  
Yingya Cao ◽  
Hongzhen Yin ◽  
Rongrong Wu ◽  
Tao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Thoracic Cavity ◽  
Severe Hypotension ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Posterior Mediastinal ◽  
Extra Adrenal Paraganglioma

AbstractA 23-year-old female patient was referred for treatment of a posterior mediastinal tumour. There was no history of hypertension or headache and no other complaints. The patient’s blood pressure increased to 210/125 mmHg after surgically manipulating the tumour, subsequently reversing to severe hypotension (25/15 mmHg) immediately after the tumour was removed. The life-threatening and irreversible blood pressure drop was difficult to treat with fluid and vasopressors, and the patient ultimately died of cardio-respiratory failure. Asymptomatic paraganglioma can be non-functional but can also be fatal. For any lump in the thoracic cavity, paraganglioma should be ruled out.

929 Not Another Abscess - A Case of Streptococcal Myositis Misdiagnosed as a Right Axillary Abscess

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
O Oyende ◽  
J Jackman
Keyword(s):  
White Cell Count ◽  
General Surgeon ◽  
High Dose ◽  
General Anaesthetic ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Affected Tissue ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Degree

Abstract Introduction Streptococcal myositis is a rare form of infectious myositis caused by Lansfield A beta-haemolytic streptococci. It is characterised by rapidly spreading inflammation that can result in severe systemic toxicity and necrosis of the affected tissue if not diagnosed and aggressively treated. Presentation We report a case of a 42-year-old male who presented with a one-week history of worsening right axillary swelling that progressed to painful swelling of his arm. Inflammatory markers were significantly elevated with a white cell count of 17 ×109/L and C-reactive protein of 212 mg/L. On examination, a fluctuant axillary swelling was appreciated, and a decision was made for incision and drainage under general anaesthetic. Intraoperative aspiration of his arm revealed copious purulent fluid prompting intraoperative orthopaedic consult and exploration of the anterior compartment in which there was extensive involvement of the biceps muscle. The microbiological analysis revealed gram-positive cocci in chains, and microbiology advice sought for tailoring of antibiotic regimen. He has recovered well. Discussion Though uncommon, the emergency general surgeon should have a high degree of suspicion when evaluating soft tissue infections to avert potentially disastrous outcomes. Conclusion Early diagnosis, aggressive management with high-dose intravenous antibiotics, and surgical debridement are principles to treat this rare, life-threatening infection.

scholarly journals Anaphylactic Death: A New Forensic Workflow for Diagnosis

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Esposito ◽  
Angelo Montana ◽  
Aldo Liberto ◽  
Veronica Filetti ◽  
Nunzio Di Nunno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical History ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Laryngeal Edema ◽  
Tryptase Level ◽  
Antibody Staining ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Immunohistochemical Techniques

Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening or fatal clinical emergency characterized by rapid onset, and death may be sudden. The margin of certainty about the diagnosis of anaphylactic death is not well established. The application of immunohistochemical techniques combined with the evaluation of blood tryptase concentrations opened up a new field of investigation into anaphylactic death. The present study investigated eleven autopsy cases of anaphylactic death, carried out between 2005 and 2017, by the Departments of Forensic Pathology of the Universities of Foggia and Catania (Italy). An analysis of the medical records was carried out in all autopsies. Seven autopsies were carried out on males and four on females. Of the eleven cases, one showed a history of asthma, one of food ingestion, two of oral administration of medications, six did not refer any allergy history, and one subject was unknown. All cases (100%) showed pulmonary congestion and edema; 7/11 (64%) of the cases had pharyngeal/laryngeal edema and mucus plugging in the airway; only one case (9%) had a skin reaction that was found during external examination. Serum tryptase concentration was measured in ten cases, and the mean value was 133.5 µg/L ± 177.9. The immunohistochemical examination using an anti-tryptase antibody on samples from the lungs, pharynx/larynx, and skin site of medication injection showed that all cases (100%) were strongly immunopositive for anti-tryptase antibody staining on lung samples; three cases (30%) were strongly immunopositive for anti-tryptase antibody staining on pharyngeal/laryngeal samples; and eight cases (80%) were strongly immunopositive for anti-tryptase antibody staining on skin samples. We conclude that a typical clinical history, blood tryptase level >40 µg/L, and strongly positive anti-tryptase antibody staining in the immunohistochemical investigation may represent reliable parameters in the determination of anaphylactic death with the accuracy needed for forensic purposes.

scholarly journals Polymeric Nanocarriers: A Transformation in Doxorubicin Therapies

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2135
Author(s):  
Kamila Butowska ◽  
Anna Woziwodzka ◽  
Agnieszka Borowik ◽  
Jacek Piosik
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
First Line ◽  
Medical Expenses ◽  
Polymeric Nanocarriers ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cancerous Cells

Doxorubicin, a member of the anthracycline family, is a common anticancer agent often used as a first line treatment for the wide spectrum of cancers. Doxorubicin-based chemotherapy, although effective, is associated with serious side effects, such as irreversible cardiotoxicity or nephrotoxicity. Those often life-threatening adverse risks, responsible for the elongation of the patients’ recuperation period and increasing medical expenses, have prompted the need for creating novel and safer drug delivery systems. Among many proposed concepts, polymeric nanocarriers are shown to be a promising approach, allowing for controlled and selective drug delivery, simultaneously enhancing its activity towards cancerous cells and reducing toxic effects on healthy tissues. This article is a chronological examination of the history of the work progress on polymeric nanostructures, designed as efficient doxorubicin nanocarriers, with the emphasis on the main achievements of 2010–2020. Numerous publications have been reviewed to provide an essential summation of the nanopolymer types and their essential properties, mechanisms towards efficient drug delivery, as well as active targeting stimuli-responsive strategies that are currently utilized in the doxorubicin transportation field.

scholarly journals EXPRESS: Pulmonary Hypertension Associated With Neurofibromatosis Type 2

2021 ◽  
pp. 204589402110295
Author(s):  
Hirohisa Taniguchi ◽  
Tomoya Takashima ◽  
Ly Tu ◽  
Raphaël Thuillet ◽  
Asuka Furukawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type ◽  
Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
First Time

Although precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a rare but severe complication of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), its association with NF2 remains unknown. Herein, we report a case of a 44-year-old woman who was initially diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) and treated with PAH-specific combination therapy. However, a careful assessment for a relevant family history of the disease and genetic testing reveal that this patient had a mutation in the NF2 gene. Using immunofluorescence and Western blotting, we demonstrated a decrease in endothelial NF2 protein in lungs from IPAH patients compared to control lungs, suggesting a potential role of NF2 in PAH development. To our knowledge, this is the first time that precapillary PH has been described in a patient with NF2. The altered endothelial NF2 expression pattern in PAH lungs should stimulate work to better understand how NF2 is contributing to the pulmonary vascular remodeling associated to these severe life-threatening conditions.

The Repatriation and Resettlement of the Southern Sudanese

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Louise W. Holborn
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Refugee Population ◽  
United Nations High Commissioner ◽  
The Past ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
The World ◽  
The United Nations

While the world press has focused over the past year on problems surrounding the creation of still another refugee population in Africa — that of Uganda's Asians — far too little attention has been directed to the remarkable though still fragile process of repatriation and resettlement of hundreds of thousands of Southern Sudanese. This population of displaced persons includes both refugees who fled to other countries and large numbers of homeless who hid in the bush during the civil war that wracked the Sudan for seventeen years, from 1955 through the first months of 1972. Responding to the initiatives of President Gaafar al-Nimeiry of the Sudan, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (HCR), under an explicit mandate from the Secretary- General of the United Nations, has been raising funds, organizing activities on behalf of the most pressing needs and working closely with all local interests to meet overwhelming problems.

Axillary pullout syndrome: A novel approach to managing a devastating complication

Vascular ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 170853812110489
Author(s):  
Nathan W Kugler ◽  
Brian D Lewis ◽  
Michael Malinowski
Keyword(s):  
Stent Graft ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Bypass Graft ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Inpatient Rehabilitation ◽  
Anastomotic Dehiscence ◽  
Open Approach ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of

Objectives Axillary pullout syndrome is a complex, potentially fatal complication following axillary-femoral bypass graft creation. The re-operative nature, in addition to ongoing hemorrhage, makes for a complicated and potentially morbid repair. Methods We present the case of a 57-year-old man with history of a previous left axillary-femoral-femoral bypass who presented with acute limb-threatening ischemia as a result of bypass thrombosis managed with a right axillary-femoral bypass for limb salvage. His postoperative course was complicated by an axillary anastomotic dehiscence while recovering in inpatient rehabilitation resulting in acute, life-threatening hemorrhage. He was managed utilizing a novel hybrid approach in which a retrograde stent graft was initially placed across the anastomotic dehiscence for control of hemorrhage. He then underwent exploration, decompression, and interposition graft repair utilizing the newly placed stent graft to reinforce the redo axillary anastomosis. Results and Conclusion Compared with a traditional operative approach, the hybrid endovascular and open approach limited ongoing hemorrhage while providing a more stable platform for repair and graft revascularization. A hybrid approach to the management of axillary pullout syndrome provides a safe, effective means to the management of axillary anastomotic dehiscence while minimizing the morbidity of ongoing hemorrhage.

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