scholarly journals A Change Would Do You Good .... An Experimental Study on How to Overcome Coordination Failure in Organizations

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Brandts ◽  
David J Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Coordination Failure ◽  
Effort Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Effort

We study how financial incentives can be used to overcome a history of coordination failure using controlled laboratory experiments. Subjects' payoffs depend on coordinating at high effort levels. In an initial phase, the benefits of coordination are low, and play typically converges to an inefficient outcome. We then explore varying financial incentives to coordinate at a higher effort level. An increase in the benefits of coordination leads to improved coordination, but large increases have no more impact than small increases. Once subjects have coordinated on a higher effort level, reductions in the incentives to coordinate have little effect on behavior.

scholarly journals Are Experienced Managers Experts at Overcoming Coordination Failure?

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David J Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Coordination Failure ◽  
Corporate Environment ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
Executive Mba ◽  
History Of ◽  
Annual Earnings

Abstract This paper studies experiments set in a corporate environment where a manager attempts to overcome a history of coordination failure by employees using either financial incentives or communication. I compare the choices of subject managers drawn from a standard undergraduate population with subject managers drawn from the executive MBA (EMBA) program at Case's Weatherhead School of Management. The EMBA subjects are a group of experienced, successful managers; all of the EMBA subjects have at least ten years of work experience, including at least five years in a supervisory role, and have average annual earnings in excess of $120,000. The EMBA subject managers are able to overcome a history of coordination failure significantly faster than the undergraduate subject managers. This superior performance is driven neither by differences in the financial incentives offered to the employees nor by use of an inherently different communications strategy. Instead, EMBA subject managers are significantly more likely to use the same "good" communication strategy as is identified for undergraduate subject managers through systematic coding of manager’s messages to employees.

Deposition Prediction of Debris Flow Alluvial Fan Based on Experimental Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 4819-4822
Author(s):  
Jin Feng Liu ◽  
Shun Yang ◽  
Guo Qiang Ou
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Debris Flow ◽  
Statistical Method ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
Hazardous Area ◽  
Debris Flow Disaster

The deposition prediction of debris flow hazardous area is very important for organizing and implementing debris flow disaster prevention and reduction. This paper selected the data base from laboratory experiments and applied the multiple regression statistical method to establish a series of empirical calculation models for delimiting the debris flow hazardous areas on the alluvial fan. The empirical models for predicting the maximum deposition length (Lc), the maximum deposition width (Bmax) and the maximum deposition thichness (Z0) under the condition of different debris flow volumes (V), densities (rm) and slopes of accumulation area (θd) were establised. And the verification results indicated that the established models can predict the debris flow hazards area with the average accuracy of 86%.

scholarly journals The initial phase of the existence of morning and evening prayers in printed source (1596–1622): the origin, variation of content and methods of transmission of the texts

2015 ◽  
pp. 289-341
Author(s):  
Далмат Юдин
Keyword(s):  
Initial Phase ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Prayer Book ◽  
General Terms ◽  
History Of ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Private Prayer

Статья представляет собой первую публикацию из серии статей, посвященных истории печатных последований молитвослова, – молитв утренних и вечерних. Автором предлагается периодизация истории бытования келейного правила в три этапа: начального появления традиции, широкого распространения и вариативности, а затем освоения и окончательного закрепления. Детально рассматривается в статье первый из них — начальный этап. Осуществляется краткий обзор предшествующей книжной традиции, ставшей источником первопечатных изданий с молитвами для частного молитвенного обихода (или по устоявшемуся выражению «келейного правила»). Указаны авторитетные книжные центры и их основные издания, через которые происходила передача состава последований и текста келейных молитв. Кроме того, перечисляются имена редакторов-составителей, внесших определяющий вклад в формирование состава келейных молитвенных последований. This article briefly offers a periodization of the history of the private prayer rule which is divided in three periods, and dedicated to the first of them. The history of printed editions of the offices of the prayer book – the morning and evening prayers is described, and also the process of the coming together of these offices in the beginning period of their existence. In general terms the question of the previous publishing tradition is addressed, which gave the primary sources for the first printed editions of the private prayer rule of the morning and evening prayers (commonly called the «cell rule»). Authoritative scholarly centers and the main publications are located, by means of which the transmission of the texts of the orders was effected. The editors are named, who played a role in the formation of the cell rule.

scholarly journals Experimental study of the effect of adding nanoparticles on the rheological properties of oil-based drilling fluids

2021 ◽  
Vol 2057 (1) ◽  
pp. 012120
Author(s):  
E I Mikhienkova ◽  
A V Minakov ◽  
A V Matveev ◽  
S V Lysakov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Nanoparticle Additives

Abstract A systematic study of the effect of nanoparticles of various concentrations and sizes on the rheological properties of various oil-based drilling fluids with nanoparticle additives has been carried out. The concentration of nanoparticles in drilling emulsions varied from 0.25 to 2 wt%, and the average size of nanoparticles ranged from 18 to 100 nm. As a result of numerous laboratory experiments, formulations and technology for the preparation of stable oil-based drilling fluids with additives of nanoparticles have been developed. The effect of nanoparticles on the viscosity and rheological properties of these drilling fluids has been studied.

Experimental study of the discharge glow structure in the initial phase of a nanosecond breakdown of an insulating gap

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 876-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Danchenko ◽  
P. B. Repin ◽  
A. G. Rep’ev
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Insulating Gap

Catecholamine Infusion versus Intraaortic Counterpulsation at the Initial Phase of Left Intraventricular Balloon Pumping in the Fibrillating Animal Heart

1993 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Stamatelopoulos ◽  
N. Zakopoulos ◽  
N. Saridakis ◽  
S. Stefanou ◽  
A. Adractas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Aortic Pressure ◽  
Aortic Flow ◽  
Aortic Blood ◽  
Aortic Blood Pressure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

This experimental study compares the effect of catecholamine infusion to the effect of intraaortic counterpulsation (IABP) while initiating intraventricular balloon pumping (IVBP) in the fibrillating heart. In 12 dogs IVBP started immediately after the induction of ventricular fibrillation. Intravenous adrenaline or noradrenaline (at a progressively increasing infusion rate until the systolic aortic blood pressure was 120 mm Hg) was interchanged with IABP. The systolic aortic pressure, the aotic flow and the mean left atrial pressure were, respectively, 120.4 ± 0.5 mm Hg, 42 ± 4 mlkg-1min-1 and 18.7 ± 1.2 mm Hg (x ± SEM) ten min after initiating catecholamine infusion and 97 ± 5 mm Hg (with a 131 ± 4 mm Hg diastolic wave), 69.6 ± 4 mlkg-1min-1 and 16 ± 1.5 mm Hg ten min after initiating IABP. The difference in aortic flow was significant (p<0.001). The results indicate that a better aortic flow may be obtained by combining IVBP and IABP than IVBP and vasoconstrictive agents in the fibrillating heart. If IVBP, IABP and catecholamines are combined, both AF and AP may increase.

Pediatricians as Child Health Advocates: The Role of Advocacy Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Nancy A. Dodson ◽  
Hina J. Talib ◽  
Qi Gao ◽  
Jaeun Choi ◽  
Susan M. Coupey
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Fellowship Training ◽  
Health Advocacy ◽  
Pediatric Residency ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
High Effort

In this article, we discuss the role of formal advocacy education with high-effort advocacy activities among pediatricians. We discuss the historical role of advocacy in the field of pediatrics and the changing role of advocacy education in pediatric training programs. We describe our survey of pediatricians in New York, in which we asked about a history of formal child health advocacy education, current high- and low-effort advocacy activities, perceived barriers to advocacy work, and child health advocacy issues of interest. Our findings demonstrate an association between a history of formal child health advocacy education and recent participation in high-effort advocacy activities on behalf of children’s health. We also found that practicing pediatricians were more likely to participate in high-effort advocacy work than individuals still in pediatric residency training. Our findings imply that education in child health advocacy should be considered an important part of pediatric training. Advocacy education should not only be included in residency and fellowship training programs but also made available as part of continuing medical education for pediatricians. Time for professional advocacy work should be allotted and encouraged.

Making the Most of Your Regret: Workers’ Relocation Decisions in On-Demand Platforms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong-Zhong Jiang ◽  
Guangwen Kong ◽  
Yinghao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Problem Definition ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Behavioral Biases ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Regret Aversion

Problem definition: We have witnessed a rapid rise of on-demand platforms, such as Uber, in the past few years. Although these platforms allow workers to choose their own working hours, they have limited leverage in maintaining availability of workers within a region. As such, platforms often implement various policies, including offering financial incentives and/or communicating customer demand to workers in order to direct more workers to regions with shortage in supply. This research examines how behavioral biases such as regret aversion may influence workers’ relocation decisions and ultimately the system performance. Academic/practical relevance: Studies on on-demand platforms often assume that workers are rational agents who make optimal decisions. Our research investigates workers’ relocation decisions from a behavioral perspective. A deeper understanding of workers’ behavioral biases and their causes will help on-demand platforms design appropriate policies to increase their own profit, worker surplus, and the overall efficiency of matching supply with demand. Methodology: We use a combination of behavioral modeling and controlled laboratory experiments. We develop analytical models that incorporate regret aversion to produce theoretical predictions, which are then tested and verified via a series of controlled laboratory experiments. Results: We find that regret aversion plays an important role in workers’ relocation decisions. Regret-averse workers are more willing to relocate to the supply-shortage zone than rational workers. This increased relocation behavior, however, is not sufficient to translate to a better system performance. Platform interventions, such as demand information sharing and dynamic wage bonus, can help further improve the system. We find that workers’ regret-aversion behavior may lead to an increased profit for the platform, a higher surplus for the workers, and an improved demand-supply matching efficiency, thus benefiting the entire on-demand system. Managerial implications: Our research emphasizes the importance and necessity of incorporating workers’ behavioral biases such as regret aversion into the policy design of on-demand platforms. Policies without considering the behavioral aspect of workers’ decision may lead to lost profit for the platform and reduced welfare for workers and customers, which may ultimately hurt the on-demand business.

Fate of14C-EPTC in a Soil Exhibiting Accelerated Degradation of Carbamothioate Herbicides and Its Control

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Tal ◽  
Baruch Rubin ◽  
Jaacov Katan ◽  
Nadav Aharonson
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Soil Sterilization ◽  
Soil Disinfestation ◽  
Herbicide Degradation ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Accelerated Degradation ◽  
History Of

Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the fate of14C-EPTC in a soil that had a history of vernolate application and exhibited accelerated degradation of carbamothioate herbicides compared to nonhistory soil. A very rapid mineralization of the herbicide to14CO2was evident in history soil, compared to nonhistory soil. The two soils did not differ in the amounts of the EPTC lost through volatilization or in the nonextractable radioactive fractions. Except for small quantities of EPTC-sulfoxide and sulfone, no other metabolites were detected. Degradation of14C-EPTC, as determined by evolution of14CO2in history soil, was drastically inhibited following soil sterilization by means of autoclaving or gamma irradiation. Soil disinfestation by solarization, methyl bromide, or metham had a pronounced inhibitory effect during the first 6 days, but was less effective than sterilization. Treatment of a history soil with the fungicide 2-methoxyethylmercury chloride and dietholate strongly inhibited EPTC degradation, while thiram and fentin acetate had only short lasting effects. Cycloheximide, an antifungal antibiotic, had little effect on the degradation of EPTC while chloramphenicol, an antibacterial antibiotic, inhibited the herbicide degradation. These results indicate that accelerated degradation of EPTC is linked to the activity of soil microorganisms, e.g. bacteria, and can be controlled by sterilization and chemical treatments.

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