An Efficient Ascending-Bid Auction for Multiple Objects: Reply

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 561-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence M. Ausubel
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Objects ◽  
Dynamic Auctions

In a comment, Okamoto (2018 ) identifies and corrects a misspecification of the rationing rule in Ausubel (2004 ). This reply elaborates on the observation that the optimality of truthful bidding in dynamic auctions may be sensitive to the fine details of the rationing rule. It then discusses the wider role of sequential bid processing in restoring truthful bidding. (JEL D44)

scholarly journals What is in a Viral Stock: Perspectives and Current Limitations of Flow Virometry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Soh ◽  
Jens B. Bosse
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Multiple Objects ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Viral Stock ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Unique Capability

Herpesviruses produce a plethora of pleomorphic and heterogeneous particle populations. The composition and biological role of these is not understood. Detailed analysis has been challenging due to the lack of multidimensional identification and purification methodologies. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), originally developed to sort objects with at least ten thousand-fold larger volumes, has recently been applied to cellular exosomes as well as viral particles and has been dubbed nanoscale flow cytometry or “flow virometry”. In comparison to other nanoparticles, herpesvirus concentrations can be measured with high precision using simple culturing methods. Here, we used this unique capability to evaluate a standard FACS sorter. We demonstrate that detection and separation capabilities were insufficient to distinguish infectious fluorescent viral populations from populations lacking fluorescence and infectivity. Moreover, fluorescent populations did not contain single virus particles but mostly aggregates. On top, analysis of viral samples by flow cytometry was confounded by swarm detection, as multiple objects are measured simultaneously and interpreted as a single object. Despite these technical difficulties, comparison of crude supernatant to gradient purified HCMV revealed that infectious virus is a minor proportion of the particles released from infected cells. Our data stress the need for a set of standardized controls and protocols when applying FACS to biological nanoparticles and highlights technical challenges that need to be solved before flow virometry can achieve its full potential.

scholarly journals An Adaptive End-to-End Classification Approach for Mobile Laser Scanning Point Clouds Based on Knowledge in Urban Scenes

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingxue Zheng ◽  
Huayi Wu ◽  
Yong Li
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Multiple Objects ◽  
Urban Scenes ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Training Samples ◽  
End To End ◽  
Heavy Training

It is fundamental for 3D city maps to efficiently classify objects of point clouds in urban scenes. However, it is still a large challenge to obtain massive training samples for point clouds and to sustain the huge training burden. To overcome it, a knowledge-based approach is proposed. The knowledge-based approach can explore discriminating features of objects based on people’s understanding of the surrounding environment, which exactly replaces the role of training samples. To implement the approach, a two-step segmentation procedure is carried out in this paper. In particular, Fourier Fitting is applied for second adaptive segmentation to separate points of multiple objects lying within a single group of the first segmentation. Then height difference and three geometrical eigen-features are extracted. In comparison to common classification methods, which need massive training samples, only basic knowledge of objects in urban scenes is needed to build an end-to-end match between objects and extracted features in the proposed approach. In addition, the proposed approach has high computational efficiency because of no heavy training process. Qualitative and quantificational experimental results show the proposed approach has promising performance for object classification in various urban scenes.

Revisiting the Role of the Fusiform Face Area in Expertise

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1345-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merim Bilalić
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Fusiform Face Area ◽  
Multivariate Pattern Analysis ◽  
Multiple Objects ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Face Area ◽  
Single Category ◽  
Multivariate Pattern

The fusiform face area (FFA) is considered to be a highly specialized brain module because of its central importance for face perception. However, many researchers claim that the FFA is a general visual expertise module that distinguishes between individual examples within a single category. Here, I circumvent the shortcomings of some previous studies on the FFA controversy by using chess stimuli, which do not visually resemble faces, together with more sensitive methods of analysis such as multivariate pattern analysis. I also extend the previous research by presenting chess positions, complex scenes with multiple objects, and their interrelations to chess experts and novices as well as isolated chess objects. The first experiment demonstrates that chess expertise modulated the FFA activation when chess positions were presented. In contrast, single chess objects did not produce different activation patterns among experts and novices even when the multivariate pattern analysis was used. The second experiment focused on the single chess objects and featured an explicit task of identifying the chess objects but failed to demonstrate expertise effects in the FFA. The experiments provide support for the general expertise view of the FFA function but also extend the scope of our understanding about the function of the FFA. The FFA does not merely distinguish between different exemplars within the same category of stimuli. More likely, it parses complex multiobject stimuli that contain numerous functional and spatial relations.

Passive Air Leakage Detection Mechanism for a Vacuum Suction Actuator

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Ho Lee ◽  
Dong Jun Oh ◽  
Ja Choon Koo
Keyword(s):  
Moving Objects ◽  
Brake System ◽  
Leakage Detection ◽  
Air Leakage ◽  
Multiple Objects ◽  
Detection Mechanism ◽  
Vacuum Suction ◽  
Passive Compliance ◽  
Spring Mechanism

Abstract Recently, research on vacuum actuators for holding and transporting objects has been actively conducted. In particular, many vacuum actuators are used to hold and transport several objects at once. However, there is a possibility that a problem of reducing vacuum efficiency may occur when several vacuum actuators are used simultaneously in the process of transporting multiple objects. The first factor is that, due to the diversity of the object’s shape, the vacuum pad of some actuators may not touch the object, so that gripping may not occur. Second, some actuators’ vacuum pad touches the object, but the pad is not completely blocked, resulting in air leakage. This paper used a spring mechanism to solve this problem and developed a vacuum gripping actuator that can block airflow into the actuator that is not used for vacuum efficiency when driving the system before the system is driven. Due to the spring inside the actuator that can play the role of passive compliance, the length can be adjusted, so even if the distance to the object is not constant, it can hold and transport several objects. Furthermore, the pretension of the spring makes it possible to block air inflow initially. We have also developed a brake system using pneumatic and tendon to hold the actuators to maintain each actuator’s length when holding and moving objects. We unified the driving method for operating both systems for simplicity by receiving pneumatic pressure from a pneumatic compressor.

scholarly journals Ensemble Perception: A Review of the Field

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-24
Author(s):  
Aleksei Iakovlev ◽  
◽  
Natalia Tiurina ◽  
Igor Utochkin
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Summary Statistics ◽  
Multiple Objects ◽  
Ensemble Perception ◽  
Information Sampling ◽  
Entire Ensemble ◽  
Ensemble Representations

Ensemble perception refers to the ability of an observer to precisely estimate summary statistics of multiple objects (average, range, numerosity, etc.) at a glance. This article reviews the properties and research methodology of ensemble perception. Further, we consider the theoretical debate around mechanisms of information sampling and summary statistics calculation. One theory suggests a coarse, parallel and exhaustive mechanism, whereas another theory assumes high-precision processing of a small subsample of items to accomplish proxy statistics for the entire ensemble. We describe the evolving view of the internal ensemble representation that initially was viewed as a single magnitude (e.g., average) but later thought of as the entire feature distribution of all items. We also discuss the role of ensemble representations in various perceptual tasks. Finally, we describe potential neural correlates and neurally plausible models of ensemble perception.

scholarly journals The Naive Utility Calculus as a unified, quantitative framework for action understanding

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Jara-Ettinger ◽  
Laura Schulz ◽  
josh tenenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Formal Theory ◽  
Social World ◽  
Action Understanding ◽  
Multiple Objects ◽  
Quantitative Accuracy ◽  
Human Ability ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Observable Actions

The human ability to reason about the causes behind other people’ behavior is critical for navigating the social world. Recent empirical research with both children and adults suggests that this ability is structured around an assumption that other agents act to maximize some notion of subjective utility. In this paper, we present a formal theory of this Naïve Utility Calculus as a probabilistic generative model, which highlights the role of cost and reward tradeoffs in a Bayesian framework for action-understanding. Our model predicts with quantitative accuracy how people infer agents’ subjective costs and rewards based on their observable actions. By distinguishing between desires, goals, and intentions, the model extends to complex action scenarios unfolding over space and time in scenes with multiple objects and multiple action episodes. We contrast our account with simpler model variants and a set of special-case heuristics across a wide range of action-understanding tasks: inferring costs and rewards, making confidence judgments about relative costs and rewards, combining inferences from multiple events, predicting future behavior, inferring knowledge or ignorance, and reasoning about social goals. Our work sheds light on the basic representations and computations that structure our everyday ability to make sense of and navigate the social world.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

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