scholarly journals Measuring the Impacts of Teachers: Reply

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 1685-1717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Chetty ◽  
John N. Friedman ◽  
Jonah E. Rockoff
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Missing Data ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Replication Study ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Using Data

Rothstein (2017) successfully replicates Chetty, Friedman, and Rockoff's (2014a, b)—henceforth, CFR's—results using data from North Carolina, but raises concerns about CFR's methods. We show that Rothstein's methodological critiques are invalid by presenting simulations and supplementary empirical evidence which show that (i) his preferred imputation of missing data generates bias; (ii) his “placebo test” rejects valid research designs; and (iii) his method of controlling for covariates yields inconsistent estimates of teachers' long-term effects. Consistent with the conclusions of Bacher-Hicks, Kane, and Staiger (2016) using data from Los Angeles, we conclude that Rothstein's replication study ultimately reinforces CFR's methods and results. (JEL H75, I21, J45)

Small-Scale Deliberation and Mass Democracy: A Systematic Review of the Spillover Effects of Deliberative Minipublics

2021 ◽  
pp. 003232172110072
Author(s):  
Ramon van der Does ◽  
Vincent Jacquet
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Mass Democracy

Deliberative minipublics are popular tools to address the current crisis in democracy. However, it remains ambiguous to what degree these small-scale forums matter for mass democracy. In this study, we ask the question to what extent minipublics have “spillover effects” on lay citizens—that is, long-term effects on participating citizens and effects on non-participating citizens. We answer this question by means of a systematic review of the empirical research on minipublics’ spillover effects published before 2019. We identify 60 eligible studies published between 1999 and 2018 and provide a synthesis of the empirical results. We show that the evidence for most spillover effects remains tentative because the relevant body of empirical evidence is still small. Based on the review, we discuss the implications for democratic theory and outline several trajectories for future research.

scholarly journals Long-Term Development of Urban Agriculture: Resilience and Sustainability of Farmers Facing the Covid-19 Pandemic in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4316
Author(s):  
Shingo Yoshida ◽  
Hironori Yagi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Direct Marketing ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Urban People

The coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic has forced global food systems to face unprecedented uncertain shocks even in terms of human health. Urban agriculture is expected to be more resilient because of its short supply chain for urban people and diversified farming activities. However, the short-and long-term effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on urban farms remain unclear. This study aims to reveal the conditions for farm resilience to the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 and the relationship between short-term farm resilience and long-term farm development using data from a survey of 74 farms located in Tokyo. The results are as follows. First, more than half of the sample farms increased their farm sales during this period. This resilience can be called the “persistence” approach. Second, short-term farm resilience and other sustainable farm activities contributed to improving farmers’ intentions for long-term farm development and farmland preservation. Third, the most important resilience attributes were the direct marketing, entrepreneurship, and social networks of farmers. We discussed the necessity of building farmers’ transformative capabilities for a more resilient urban farming system. These results imply that support to enhance the short-term resilience of urban farms is worth more than the short-term profit of the farms.

scholarly journals Long-Term Economic Simulation: Even-Aged and Uneven-Aged Examples from the Missouri Ozark Forest Ecosystem Project (MOFEP)

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Treiman ◽  
John Dwyer ◽  
David Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Landscape Management ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Decision Matrix ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Much of the software and many of the algorithms commonly used to simulate forest growth and harvesting activities have been optimized for short-term projections based primarily on larger-sized trees and are focused on even-aged silvicultural systems. Using data on trees 1.5 in. dbh and larger from the Missouri Ozark Forest Ecosystem Project (MOFEP), we have adapted the widely available Landscape Management System (LMS) and Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) software to make long-term simulations using even and uneven-aged silvicultural management systems. MOFEP is designed to test the long-term effects of even-aged, uneven-aged, and no harvest treatments on a variety of ecosystem attributes. To simulate the economic outcomes of these three treatments, we have written new LMS algorithms that simulate the effects of uneven-aged harvesting. Our results show that in the Missouri Ozarks even-aged and uneven-aged management silvicultural systems yield long-term (100 years) economic outcomes that are not statistically different. This result reinforces the need for land managers or landowners to consider esthetics, nontraditional forest products, and other nonmarket values in their decision matrix. North. J. Appl. For. 22(1):42– 47.

scholarly journals Censored Translations in Franco’s Spain: The TRACE Project —  Theatre and Fiction (English-Spanish)

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Merino ◽  
Rosa Rabadán
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Transfer Processes ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Work Done

Abstract This article explores whether translational phenomena that are particular to censoring societies, such as Franco’s Spain, exist and, if so, whether they are exclusive to this type of recipient context. By using data from the TRACE project, translated theatre and fiction are analysed in terms of both the external restrictions imposed by official censorship and the long-term effects of official censorship on the recipient context. The study reveals three outstanding transfer processes during the period–adaptation, pseudotranslation and the massive cloning of genres, settings and character stereotypes originally imported through translation–, as well as the prevalence of intersemiotic chains that linked texts across languages and textual mode boundaries. When compared with work done on present-day texts translated from English to Spanish, our findings seem to indicate that these phenomena were more widespread in the period under study but cannot be considered exclusive to official censorship contexts.

scholarly journals Farmworker and Farmer Perceptions of Farmworker Agricultural Chemical Exposure in North Carolina

1998 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Quandt ◽  
Thomas Arcury ◽  
Colin Austin ◽  
Rosa Saavedra
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Agricultural Chemicals ◽  
Reinforcing Factors ◽  
Seasonal Farmworkers ◽  
A Site ◽  
Depth Interviews

Agricultural chemicals pose health risks for farmworkers engaged in cultivating and harvesting crops. In a project to develop culturally appropriate interventions to reduce farmworker exposure to agricultural chemicals, formative research used in-depth interviews and focus groups to elicit beliefs and knowledge about exposure from farmers and migrant and seasonal farmworkers in North Carolina. Farmworkers were concerned about acute effects they attributed to exposure and had little knowledge of long-term effects of low-level exposure. They believe that some individuals are inherently more susceptibility to the health effects of exposure than others; most do not recognize the skin as a site of chemical absorption. They report instances of exposure that reflect the power relationships with farmers, indicating that lack of knowledge is not the only issue that must be addressed in an intervention. Farmers believe that farmworkers are not exposed to chemicals because they do not mix or apply chemicals. Such a belief is consistent with the training received by farmers. The PRECEDE-PROCEED planning model is used to identify predisposing and reinforcing factors on which an effective intervention should focus.

Terrorism and tourism in Israel

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1343-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Karl ◽  
Gordon Winder ◽  
Alexander Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Time Lag ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Event Tourism ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Terrorist Event ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

While the relation between terrorism and tourism has been an important topic for tourism research, the questions whether terrorism affects tourism immediately and how long after a terrorism event tourism recovers are, as yet, not clearly answered. The aim of this article is to better understand the magnitude and temporal scale of the impact of terrorism on tourism. To this end, a research model differentiating between short-term and long-term effects of terrorism on tourism is developed and analyzed for the destination Israel using data on tourists from Germany. The results show both short-term and long-term impacts with a time lag between the terrorist event and the beginning of tourism decline of 1 or up to 6 months. An economic influence on the development of tourist arrivals was not detected, but seasonality plays an important role in the relationship between terrorism and tourism.

scholarly journals Dosage escalation of antenatal steroids in preterm twin pregnancies does not improve long-term outcome

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Braun ◽  
Vivien Filleböck ◽  
Boris Metze ◽  
Christoph Bührer ◽  
Andreas Plagemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Congenital Infections ◽  
Childhood Morbidity ◽  
Antenatal Steroids ◽  
Dosage Escalation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Higher Doses

Abstract Objectives To analyze long-term effects of antenatal betamethasone (≤16 mg, =24 mg and >24 mg) in preterm twins on infant and childhood morbidity. Methods Retrospective cohort study among 198 preterm twins. Three follow up time points, including a total of 84 outcomes, were evaluated: first neonatal examination after birth and in the neonatal period up to 10 days after birth using data from the clinic charts; examination from the 21st to the 24th month of life and examination from the 60th to the 64th months, using data from copies of the children’s examination booklets sent back by the parents. Dosage-dependent and sex-specific long-term effects of antenatal betamethasone treatment on neonatal, infant and early childhood development and morbidity up to 5.3 years of age were analyzed. Results Dosage escalation of >24 mg was not associated with improved neonatal, infant or early child hood outcome, independent of twin pair structure. In contrast, higher doses >24 mg were significantly linked to increased rates of congenital infections (OR 5.867, 95% CI 1.895–18.167). Male sex as a factor was obvious for lower rates of apnea-bradycardia-syndrome in neonates, higher rates of no free steps after 15 months in infancy and highest rates of motor clumsiness in early childhood. Conclusions Betamethasone dosage escalation >24 mg in twins born between 23+5 and 33+6 weeks of gestation did not improve neonatal, infant or early childhood morbidity. In contrast, higher doses >24 mg total dose resulted in significantly higher rates of congenital infections and are not recommended. For males, 24 mg betamethasone appears to be the preferable dose.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE PROFITABILITY OF LARGE COMMERICAL BANKS IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 14(63) (2) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Fitim Deari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Commerical Banks ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Profitability Ratios

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the current Covid-19 pandemic on profitability ratios of large commercial banks in the Republic of North Macedonia. By using data over the period 2004 – 2020, ten profitability indicators are examined. These indicators are investigated by comparing their values before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Overall, the study reveals a preliminary evidence that large commercial banks are affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. So far, profitability of large banks has not changed significantly due to Covid-19 and they keep satisfactory profitability levels. However, this impact should be investigated furthermore in next studies because the current pandemic has long-term effects.

scholarly journals Long Term Effects of Job Displacement. Paper presented at the 2010 American Sociological Association Annual Meeting.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J Moehr
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Job Displacement ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Fixed Effects Models ◽  
Worker Characteristics ◽  
Using Data

This paper replicates and extends Stevens’s (1997) analysis of the long-term effects of job displacements. Using data from the 1968-2005 waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, I estimate fixed-effects models which show that there are long term decreases in earnings after displacements. The decreases are mediated when longer follow up data is used for individuals. Changes in the labor market have also shifted the relationship between displacements and individual worker characteristics. Specifically, education and experience have become more important then displacements. Conclusions are based on an analysis of the different people in the 40 years of PSID data and the structural changes in the labor market over that time. This article suggests that longitudinal data and fixed-effects models are one of many ways to conceptualize labor market changes.

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