scholarly journals Brands in Motion: How Frictions Shape Multinational Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (9) ◽  
pp. 3073-3124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Head ◽  
Thierry Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Car Industry ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Multinational Production ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Following the 2016 Leave vote in the referendum on UK membership in the EU and the election of Donald Trump, trade agreements have entered a period of great instability. To predict the impact of possible disruptions to existing arrangements requires counterfactual analysis that takes into account the complex set of factors influencing the production and marketing strategies of multinational corporations. We estimate a model of multinational decision-making in the car industry. This model predicts the production reallocation and consumer surplus consequences of changes in tariffs and non-tariff barriers induced by US-led protectionism, Brexit, transpacific, and transatlantic integration agreements. (JEL F13, F23, L21, L62, M31)

scholarly journals The effects of online marketing on financial performance in the textile industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (03) ◽  
pp. 288-293
Author(s):  
MIHAI CRISTIAN ORZAN ◽  
MARGARETA STELA FLORESCU ◽  
OCTAV IONUT MACOVEI ◽  
SORIN BURLACU ◽  
OLGUTA ANCA ORZAN
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Online Marketing ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Production Distribution ◽  
Market Production ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Although Romania has an Internet penetration rate of 73.8%, over the world average, below the European Union average of 85.2%, Romanian Internet users ranked 28th in online shopping, the lowest position in EU, while the Romanian enterprises are the least digital in the EU ranking on the lowest positions in using social media and e-commerce. The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of using online marketing tools in the development and implementation of marketing strategies and their impact on organizational performance in the textile industry. We propose an empirical model, rooted in an in-depth survey of over 897 Romanian organizations acting on the textile industry market (production, distribution or retail), which gives us a general overview of antecedents of online marketing success and its impact on organizational performance

scholarly journals Znacaj porekla proizvoda u evropskim sporazumima o trgovini

2003 ◽  
Vol 44 (157) ◽  
pp. 61-83
Author(s):  
Radovan Kovacevic
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Preferential Trade Agreements ◽  
Rules Of Origin ◽  
Preferential Trade ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The key element of the EU's free trade and preferential trade agreements is the extent to which they deliver improved market access and thus contribute to the EU's foreign policy objectives towards developing countries and neighbouring countries in Europe, including the countries of the Balkans. The previous preferential trade schemes have been ineffective in delivering improved access to the EU market. The main reason for this is probably very restrictive rules of origin that the EU imposes, coupled with the costs of proving consistency with these rules. If the EU wants the 'Everything but Arms' agreement and free trade agreements with countries in the Balkans to generate substantial improvements in access to the EU market for products from these countries, then it will have to reconsider the current rules of origin and implement less restrictive rules backed upon by a careful safeguards policy. Governments apply rules to distinguish between foreign and domestic products and to define the foreign origin of a product where some imports receive preferential treatment. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the issue of the rules of origin, and on the "cummulation" of such rules within the EU preferential trade agreements. It does this, firstly, through detailing rules of origin, secondly, by providing a conceptual discussion of the impact of (the cummulation of) rules of origin, and thirdly, by exploring characteristics of preferential trade agreements.

Brexit will affect EU and UK trade policy differently

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Rules Of Origin ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Subject UK and EU trade policy. Significance The United Kingdom’s departure from the EU will affect both the EU’s economic importance and its ability to realise trade objectives. The impact of the rupture will be greater still for the United Kingdom, which has to develop a trade policy from scratch and reconstruct its trading relationships with scores of countries in addition to the EU. Impacts Rules of origin mean that some UK firms will lose access to foreign markets even where London has concluded a replacement trade agreement. EU and UK demand for imports from the rest of the world will be reduced by the economic impact of Brexit and COVID-19 disruption. Replacing EU trade agreements with third countries will take longer for the UK government because COVID-19 will take priority.

scholarly journals FACTORS INFLUENCING ON UKRAINIAN LABOR`S MIGRATION WITHIN THE CONDITIONS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2(64)) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
N.O. Advokatova
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Economical Growth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The article presents factors influencing on the Ukrainian labor`s migration within conditions of European integration. We denoted the impact factors on migration processes in Ukraine within conditions of European integration. This analysis allows to work out measures for improving migration policy, and as a result � economical growth of the country. We defined the causes and effects. We traced the Ukrainian migration flows into the international economy. The impact factors of Ukrainian labor migration abroad within conditions of European integration in the current political and economic situation are the demographic situation, the unemployment rate, the rate of wages, migration policy, the political situation in Ukraine and in the world as well. We established the impact direction of each factor on the dynamics for the number of working migrators. So, in particular, the reduction and ageing of the population in the EU countries; the presence of hidden unemployment in Ukraine; the problems of youth employment after graduation; the excess of the EU countries� wages in 3-5 times over Ukraine`s wages; the absence of specific activity in Ukraine aimed at repatriation of Ukrainians, and, on the contrary, the presence of such activity in foreign countries; political instability in Ukraine are all factors that contribute increasing of Ukrainian migrants� number to the EU.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the development of milk production in Lithuania after milk quota abolition

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 890-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deiva Mikelionytė ◽  
Ingrida Lukošiutė ◽  
Laura Petrauskaitė-Senkevič
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Following the decision to abolish the EU milk quotas in 2015, it is relevant to predict how it will influence the milk production, what changes need to be prepared for. For this purpose, there are plenty of scientific studies done, which evaluated the impact of milk quota abolition on EU. Scientists admit that for more accurate predictions, it is necessary to evaluate the changes in each country separately. Such studies haven’t been carried out in case of Lithuania. The purpose of the study is to identify the factors that will have the greatest impact on the development of the milk production in Lithuania after the removal of milk quotas, considering Lithuanian milk production specifics. In order to achieve the target of study, the analysis of other authors’ studies about the impact of milk quota abolition in EU milk sector were analysed. The study was based on logical, systematic analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, correlation analysis. In this paper the factors that have the greatest influence on the future development of Lithuanian milk production after milk quota abolition are identified. They are demand and supply, amount of milk production quotas limiting, size of dairy herd, cow productivity, self-sufficiency in feed, profitability, size of dairy farm, state support, self-sufficiency in capabilities of processing and foreign trade, changes in neighbouring countries dairy sectors.

scholarly journals The Impact of Lisbon Criteria on Business Development in Lithuania

Ekonomika ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rimantas Garuckas ◽  
Dalius Serafinas
Keyword(s):  
Business Environment ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Mathematical Statistics ◽  
Business Managers ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Market Requirements ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Internal Costs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the paper is to review the Lisbon criteria that are influencing business in Lithuania, and to outline the main perspectives of national businesses in the EU context. To this end, we have analyzed earlier works on the factors and parameters that influence business environment in the EU, compiled a list of most crucial factors influencing the business entities, interviewed the top management of 300 top Lithuanian companies in order to find out the peculiarities of the Lithuanian way to success in business. Managers’ opinions were compared to facts stated in internal documents (especially documents containing market requirements) as to quality and price; internal costs and efficiency of processes. The following methods of research were employed: metaanalysis, documentation review, triangulation, interviews, basic methods of mathematical statistics.

scholarly journals The effect of product innovation on the export performance of Kosovo SMEs

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-234
Author(s):  
Gezim Jusufi ◽  
Fatos Ukaj ◽  
Suada Ajdarpašić
Keyword(s):  
Product Innovation ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Incremental Innovation ◽  
Product Innovations ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the paper is to provide a better understanding of factors influencing product innovations that are important to SMEs’ exporting activities. A probit model is used to analyse the innovation pattern in 100 Kosovo manufacturing and exporting SMEs. They export to the EU and regional countries’ markets. Our data shows that there is a link between the type of product innovation and the increase in exports. Incremental innovation shows a strong positive relationship with export growth of these SMEs , a result should prove helpful to both researchers of SME product innovation and managers of exporting SMEs. This study addresses the current gap that is present in the Western Balkan literature by evaluating the impact of product innovation on SMEs export performance.

scholarly journals The impact of the EU-MERCOSUR deal on Africa in times of resurging protectionism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Kohnert
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Level Playing Field ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
China And India ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

ABSTRACT & RÉSUMÉ & ZUSAMMENFASSUNG : The EU-Mercosur deal of 2019 was heralded as a milestone of free trade agreements worldwide in times of growing protectionism and nationalism. Critics condemned deficient ecological and sanitary standards as well as persistent non-tariff barriers to trade. The EU farm lobby complained about a sell-out of European interests in advantage of dominating multinationals. However, the fatal repercussions of the deal on Africa have rarely been mentioned. They include increasing cut-throat competition and asymmetrical partnership to the detriment of the African poor. Given the additional destructive impact of the Brexit crisis, African governments should use their increased bargaining power vis à vis the EU27 and the UK, in times of stiffening competition concerning the EU’s Africa trade with new global players such as China and India, to enforce EPAs re-negotiations on a level playing field. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- RÉSUMÉ : L'accord de 2019 entre l'UE et le Mercosur a été qualifié de jalon dans les accords de libre-échange dans le monde entier à une époque de protectionnisme et de nationalisme grandissants. Les critiques ont condamné les normes écologiques et sanitaires déficientes, ainsi que les obstacles non-tarifaires persistants au commerce. Le lobby agricole de l'UE s'est plaint de la vente d'intérêts européens au profit de multinationales dominantes. Cependant, les répercussions fatales de l'accord sur l'Afrique ont rarement été mentionnées. Ils incluent une concurrence acharnée et un partenariat asymétrique au détriment des pauvres en Afrique. Compte tenu de l'impact destructeur supplémentaire de la crise du Brexit, les gouvernements africains devraient utiliser leur pouvoir de négociation accru vis-à-vis de l'UE27 et du Royaume-Uni, en période de durcissement de la concurrence concernant le commerce africaine de l'UE avec des nouveaux acteurs mondiaux tels que la Chine et l'Inde, pour imposer des renégociations des APEs sur un pied d’égalité. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ZUSAMMENFASSUNG : Das Abkommen zwischen der EU und dem Mercosur von 2019 wurde als Meilenstein für weltweite Freihandelsabkommen in Zeiten wachsenden Protektionismus und Nationalismus eingeläutet. Kritiker bemängelten unzureichende Umwelt- und Hygienestandards sowie anhaltende nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse. Die EU-Agrarlobby beschwerte sich außerdem über einen Ausverkauf europäischer Interessen zugunsten dominierender multinationaler Unternehmen. Die fatalen Auswirkungen des Abkommens auf Afrika wurden jedoch selten erwähnt. Dazu gehören ein zunehmender Verdrängungswettbewerb und eine asymmetrische Partnerschaft zum Nachteil der afrikanischen Armen. Angesichts der zusätzlichen destruktiven Auswirkungen der Brexit-Krise sollten die afrikanischen Regierungen, in Zeiten zunehmenden Wettbewerbs im Afrikahandel der EU mit neuen globalen Akteuren wie China und Indien, ihre verstärkte Verhandlungsmacht gegenüber der EU27 und Großbritannien einsetzen, um Neuverhandlungen der Wirtschaftlichen Partnerschaftsabkommen auf Augenhöhe durchzusetzen.

Brexit will damage UK aerospace industry

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aerospace Industry ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Aerospace Companies ◽  
Aerospace Technology ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Key Questions

Subject The impact of Brexit on the UK aerospace industry. Significance The UK aerospace industry's competitiveness and growth potential will depend on the United Kingdom's future relationship with the EU. Key questions include the free movement of people, involvement in research and development (R&D) programmes, trade agreements and membership of the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). Impacts The contraction of the economy due to Brexit could reduce public spending in the defence sector, affecting aerospace companies. A drop in the value of the pound and the downturn in the economy may reduce consumer demand for air travel. UK military resources, including the independent nuclear deterrent, may be an asset in negotiations with European leaders. The Aerospace Technology Institute's relationships with countries such as Germany and Sweden will be beneficial in case of a 'hard' Brexit.

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