scholarly journals The Effects of Exposure to Better Neighborhoods on Children: New Evidence from the Moving to Opportunity Experiment

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Chetty ◽  
Nathaniel Hendren ◽  
Lawrence F. Katz
Keyword(s):  
College Attendance ◽  
High Poverty ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Housing Vouchers ◽  
Housing Projects ◽  
Single Parenthood ◽  
Moving To Opportunity ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
New Evidence

The Moving to Opportunity (MTO) experiment offered randomly selected families housing vouchers to move from high-poverty housing projects to lower-poverty neighborhoods. We analyze MTO's impacts on children's long-term outcomes using tax data. We find that moving to a lower-poverty neighborhood when young (before age 13) increases college attendance and earnings and reduces single parenthood rates. Moving as an adolescent has slightly negative impacts, perhaps because of disruption effects. The decline in the gains from moving with the age when children move suggests that the duration of exposure to better environments during childhood is an important determinant of children's long-term outcomes. (JEL I31, I38, J13, R23, R38)

scholarly journals The Role of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Comorbidities in the Link between Atrial Fibrillation and Cognitive Impairment: An Appraisal of Current Scientific Evidence

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed AlTurki ◽  
Jakub B. Maj ◽  
Mariam Marafi ◽  
Filippo Donato ◽  
Giovanni Vescovo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Cerebral Hypoperfusion ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Metabolic Comorbidities

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice with implications on long-term outcomes. Metabolic disorders including diabetes mellitus and obesity are independent predictors of atrial fibrillation and present therapeutic targets to reduce both the incidence and duration burden of atrial fibrillation. The presence of pericardial fat in direct contact with cardiac structures, as well the subsequent release of proinflammatory cytokines, may play an important role in this connection. Atrial fibrillation is an independent predictor of cognitive impairment and dementia. While clinical stroke is a major contributor, other factors such as cerebral hypoperfusion and microbleeds play important roles. New evidence suggests that atrial fibrillation and cognitive impairment may be downstream events of atrial cardiomyopathy, which may be caused by several factors including metabolic syndrome, obesity, and obstructive sleep apnea. The mechanisms linking these comorbidities to cognitive impairment are not yet fully elucidated. A clearer understanding of the association of AF with dementia and cognitive impairment is imperative. Future studies should focus on the predictors of cognitive impairment among those with AF and aim to understand the potential mechanisms underlying these associations. This would inform strategies for the management of AF aiming to prevent continued cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Childhood Circumstances and Adult Outcomes: Act II

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1360-1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Almond ◽  
Janet Currie ◽  
Valentina Duque
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Fetal Origins ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Postnatal Environment ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Life Course

That prenatal events can have life-long consequences is now well established. Nevertheless, research on the fetal origins hypothesis is flourishing and has expanded to include the early childhood (postnatal) environment. Why does this literature have a “second act?” We summarize the major themes and contributions driving the empirical literature since our 2011 reviews, and try to interpret the literature in light of an overarching conceptual framework about how human capital is produced early in life. One major finding is that relatively mild shocks in early life can have substantial negative impacts, but that the effects are often heterogeneous reflecting differences in child endowments, budget constraints, and production technologies. Moreover, shocks, investments, and interventions can interact in complex ways that are only beginning to be understood. Many advances in our knowledge are due to increasing accessibility of comprehensive administrative data that allow events in early life to be linked to long-term outcomes. Yet, we still know relatively little about the interval between, and thus about whether it would be feasible to identify and intervene with affected individuals at some point between early life and adulthood. We do know enough, however, to be able to identify some interventions that hold promise for improving child outcomes in early life and throughout the life course. (JEL I12, J13, J16, Q51, Q53)

scholarly journals Types of obesity and their impact on long-term outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
S. V. Miklishanskaya ◽  
N. A. Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
New Evidence

Large prospective studies involving several hundred thousands to several million people from the general population have shown that people with obesity have a higher overall mortality rate than people with a normal BMI. The use of BMI in predicting the prognosis of people with cardiovascular disease has led to the inverse relationship between BMI and risk of death. Obesity, determined by BMI, is very heterogeneous in determining prognosis in different groups of patients. The use of imaging techniques during the examination revealed that poor health effects are associated with the accumulation of visceral adipose tissue. New evidence also suggests that ectopic deposition of fat (in the liver, in the epicardium) may increase the risk of developing atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The number of studies examining the direct effect of visceral adipose tissue on mortality is very limited. Their results are extremely contradictory, based not on prospective observations, but on the construction of statistical models. Adipose tissue is currently considered as an endocrine and paracrine organ. Deposition of adipose tissue in the internal organs, in addition to metabolic disorders), probably leads to the formation of local adverse effects. The above data lead us to the conclusion that it is necessary to create a new classification that would improve the stratification of the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and death in people with obesity.

scholarly journals Six-year follow-up study of residential displacement and health outcomes following the 2011 Japan Earthquake and Tsunami

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. e2014226118
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Hikichi ◽  
Jun Aida ◽  
Katsunori Kondo ◽  
Ichiro Kawachi
Keyword(s):  
Public Housing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Residential Relocation ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Negative Impacts

Studies examining the long-term health consequences of residential displacement following large-scale disasters remain sparse. Following the 2011 Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, victims who lost their homes were resettled by two primary means: 1) group relocation to public housing or 2) individual relocation, in which victims moved into public housing by lottery or arranged for their own accommodation. Little is known about how the specific method of residential relocation affects survivors’ health. We examined the association between residential relocation and long-term changes in mental and physical well-being. Our baseline assessment predated the disaster by 7 mo. Two follow-up surveys were conducted ∼2.5 y and 5.5 y after the disaster to ascertain the long-term association between housing arrangement and health status. Group relocation was associated with increased body mass index and depressive symptoms at 2.5-y follow-up but was no longer significantly associated with these outcomes at 5.5-y follow-up. Individual relocation at each follow-up survey was associated with lower instrumental activities of daily living as well as higher risk of cognitive impairment. Our findings underscore the potential complexity of long-term outcomes associated with residential displacement, indicating both positive and negative impacts on mental versus physical dimensions of health.

Traumatic Brain Injury: A Trauma Surgeon's Perspective

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Oscar D. Guillamondegui
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Trauma Team ◽  
The United States ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Injured Brain ◽  
The Moment

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious epidemic in the United States. It affects patients of all ages, race, and socioeconomic status (SES). The current care of these patients typically manifests after sequelae have been identified after discharge from the hospital, long after the inciting event. The purpose of this article is to introduce the concept of identification and management of the TBI patient from the moment of injury through long-term care as a multidisciplinary approach. By promoting an awareness of the issues that develop around the acutely injured brain and linking them to long-term outcomes, the trauma team can initiate care early to alter the effect on the patient, family, and community. Hopefully, by describing the care afforded at a trauma center and by a multidisciplinary team, we can bring a better understanding to the armamentarium of methods utilized to treat the difficult population of TBI patients.

1337: Long Term Outcomes of Detrusor Myectomy

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 441-441
Author(s):  
Muhammad Z. Aslam ◽  
Meena Agarwal ◽  
Timothy P. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Outcomes

1002: Long Term Outcomes for Patients with High Volume Retroperitoneal Teratoma Undergoing Post Chemotherapy Surgery

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 331-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D.W. Beck ◽  
Richard S. Foster ◽  
Richard Bihrle ◽  
John P. Donohue
Keyword(s):  
High Volume ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Retroperitoneal Teratoma

23: High Volume Hospitals do not have Better Long Term Outcomes Following Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 8-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent K. Hollenbeck ◽  
Yongliang Wei ◽  
John D. Birkmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Long Term Outcomes

Abstract #238: Improved Short Term and Long Term Outcomes of Early Insulin Initiation in Type 2 Diabetes Over 10 Years

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Jothydev Kesavadev ◽  
Shashank Joshi ◽  
Banshi Saboo ◽  
Hemant Thacker ◽  
Arun Shankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Initiation ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Short Term
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