scholarly journals Corruption, Trade Costs, and Gains from Tariff Liberalization: Evidence from Southern Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (10) ◽  
pp. 3029-3063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Sequeira
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Firm Behavior ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Trade Elasticities ◽  
Experimental Variation ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Tariff Liberalization ◽  
Import Behavior

This paper exploits quasi-experimental variation in tariffs in southern Africa to estimate trade elasticities. Traded quantities respond only weakly to a 30 percent reduction in the average nominal tariff rate. Trade flow data combined with primary data on firm behavior and bribe payments suggest that corruption is a potential explanation for the observed low elasticities. In contexts of pervasive corruption, even small bribes can significantly reduce tariffs, making tariff liberalization schemes less likely to affect the extensive and the intensive margins of firms' import behavior. The tariff liberalization scheme is, however, still associated with improved incentives to accurately report quantities of imported goods, and with a significant reduction in bribe transfers from importers to public officials. (JEL D22, D73, F13, H83, O17, O19, O24)

scholarly journals Using Payroll Tax Variation to Unpack the Black Box of Firm-Level Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef Benzarti ◽  
Jarkko Harju
Keyword(s):  
Black Box ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Payroll Tax ◽  
Payroll Taxes ◽  
Input Factor ◽  
Experimental Variation ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Level Production

Abstract This paper uses quasi-experimental variation in payroll tax rates in Finland to investigate how firms use their input factors. We find that higher payroll tax rates lead to large employment responses and have no effects on employee-level earnings. As payroll taxes increase, firms substitute away from low-skilled, routine and manual workers. Higher firm-level payroll tax rates also slightly decrease the total output of firms. Our results imply that firm-level production and input factor choices are clearly affected by payroll taxes.

scholarly journals Effects of Using Perineal Underwear on Discomfort and Shame in Angiography Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2480
Author(s):  
Eunhye Shin ◽  
Hanna Lee
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of this study is to develop and apply a type of perineal underwear that protects the patient’s physical privacy and to examine its effects on perineal discomfort and shame. This study collected primary data from 44 patients who visited Kyung Hee University hospital in Seoul city and were admitted to the neurosurgery ward to undergo angiography between 7 August 2017, and 30 April 2018. In this quasi-experimental study with a nonequivalent control group posttest-only design, participants were divided into an experimental group (n = 22) and a control group (n = 22). The control group used conventional protection, which involved wearing padding around the perineum, while the experimental group wore the perineal underwear developed in this study. The underwear group showed a significantly lower degree of shame (Z = −5.39, p < 0.001) and perineal discomfort (Z = −5.88, p < 0.001) than the padding group. In the padding group, women felt significantly more shame than men did (Z = −2.48, p = 0.013). The use of the perineal underwear developed in this study significantly reduced the degree of shame and perineal discomfort in patients undergoing angiography. Such perineal underwear could also be useful for protecting patients’ privacy during perineal examinations.

EXPRESS: Variety Effects in Advertising

2021 ◽  
pp. 002224372110560
Author(s):  
Omid Rafieian ◽  
Hema Yoganarasimhan
Keyword(s):  
Response Rate ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Experimental Variation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Click Through Rate ◽  
Empirical Framework

Users are often exposed to a sequence of short-lived marketing interventions (e.g., ads) within each usage session in mobile apps. This study examines how an increase in the variety of ads shown in a session affects a user's response to the next ad. The authors leverage the quasi-experimental variation in ad assignment in their data and propose an empirical framework that accounts for different types confounding to isolate the effects of a unit increase in variety. Across a series of models, the authors consistently show that an increase in ad variety in a session results in a higher response rate to the next ad: holding all else fixed, a unit increase in variety of the prior sequence of ads can increase the click-through rate on the next ad by approximately 13\%. The authors then explore the underlying mechanism and document empirical evidence for an attention-based account. The paper offers important managerial implications since it identifies a source of interdependence across ad exposures that is often ignored in the design of advertising auctions. Further, the attention-based mechanism suggests that platforms can incorporate real-time attention measures to help advertisers with targeting dynamics.

HOLY QURAN RECITATION OF SURAH AL-MULK AND AL-HASYR ON DECREASING ANXIETY IN MEDICAL STUDENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Kaima Ishmata ◽  
Indri Seta Septadina ◽  
Bintang Arryotantri
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Beck Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Anxiety is a feeling of discomfort, worry about something unclear and accompanied by autonomic symptoms. Murottal Al-Quran therapy is a complementary therapy with the most widely used Al-Qur'an media. This study aims to analyze the effect of the murottal Al-Qur'an Surah Al-Mulk and Al-Hasyr on the anxiety of medical students of Universitas Sriwijaya. This research is a quasi-experimental study with a cross-sectional approach with one group pre-post test design which was conducted from July to December 2020 at homes through Zoom meeting application. Sampling using simple random sampling technique. Data in the form of primary data using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) questionnaire.Primary data were collected using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) questionnaire before and after receiving the Murottal Al-Qur'an Surah Al-Mulk and Al-Hasyr for 7 consecutive days. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test was performed on the data, then analyzed with Paired t-test or Wilcoxon test using SPSS device. The Wilcoxon test results showed significant results of murottal Al-Qur'an Surah Al-Mulk and Al-Hasyr on anxiety (p = 0.000) in medical students. There is an effect of murottal Al-Qur’an surah Al-Mulk and Al-Hasyr on anxiety among medical students of Universitas Sriwijaya.

scholarly journals College on the Cheap: Consequences of Community College Tuition Reductions

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey T. Denning
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Community College ◽  
Community Colleges ◽  
College Enrollment ◽  
First Year ◽  
College Tuition ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Experimental Variation ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Over Time

This paper examines the effects of community college tuition on college enrollment. I exploit quasi-experimental variation from discounts for community college tuition in Texas that were expanded over time and across geography for identification. Community college enrollment in the first year after high school increased by 5.1 percentage points for each $1,000 decrease in tuition, which implies an elasticity of —0.29. Lower tuition also increased transfer from community colleges to universities. Marginal community college enrollees induced to attend by reduced tuition have similar graduation rates as average community college enrollees. (JEL H75, I22, I23, I28)

scholarly journals Public Service Satisfaction on Hajj-Related Services in Indonesia: Demographic Analysis

Al-Muzara ah ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Reza Fathurrahman ◽  
Zaenal Abidin ◽  
Anisa Dwi Utami
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Service Satisfaction ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Government Responsibility ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Related Services ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ease Of Access

Measurement of public service satisfaction with government services serves as a valuable reflecting point for public officials to improve the public service quality. Pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina in Saudi Arabia is considered as a national duty and government responsibility in countries with a significant number of Muslim citizens. This article analyzes primary data from the 2019 national public service satisfaction survey on hajj-related services within Indonesian territory collected by the Ministry of Religious Affairs to examine variation across demographic backgrounds. 1,491 respondents participated in the survey representing individual appraisals toward various services during departure and returning phases. The main focus of investigation are the six selected service dimensions, namely, 1) Individual capability, 2) Ease of access to information, 3) Service procedures, 4) Speed of service, 5) Facilities and infrastructure, and 6) Cost-related perception. The results of regression analysis support diverse roles of demographic variables in explaining variance in public service satisfaction feedback. The empirical findings suggest that people with a higher-level education are more likely to experience less satisfaction. Meanwhile, females are likely to perceive higher satisfaction with the provided services than the males.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning terhadap Pemahaman Matematis Ditinjau dari Kemampuan Awal Matematika

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Yelvalinda Yelvalinda ◽  
Heni Pujiastuti ◽  
Abdul Fatah
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Mathematical Understanding ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Early Mathematics ◽  
Mathematics Ability ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Quantitative Analysis Method ◽  
Learning Factors

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Terhadap Pemahaman Matematis Ditinjau Dari Kemampuan Awal Matematika. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan teknik analisis Anova dua jalur. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 32 orang untuk kelas eksperimen dan 31 orang untuk kelas kontrol di SMK Negeri 1 Pandeglang, dengan menggunakan metode quasi eksperimen. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain pretest dan postest sehingga dapat dilihat perbedaan peningkatan  pemahaman matematis dari kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman matematis siswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran PBL lebih tinggi dari siswa yang mendapatkan  pembelajaran ekspositori. Berdasarkan uji hipotesis diperoleh sig. 0,027 < 0,05 maka H0 ditolak , maka dapat disimpulkan peningkatan pemahaman matematis siswa yang mendapat model pembelajaran PBL lebih tinggi dari siswa yang mendapat pembelajaran ekspositori. Hasil uji Anova dua jalur faktor pembelajaran dan KAM menimbulkan adanya interaksi dengan  sig.0,004 < 0,05 . Hal ini berarti interaksi yang sangat signifikan antara model pembelajaran dan KAM terhadap pemahaman matematis. Dari hasil uji-t untuk KAM tinggi diperoleh sig. 0,00 < 0,05 maka H0 ditolak dan untuk KAM rendah diperoleh sig. 0,647 > 0,05 maka H0 diterima. Dengan demikian pembelajaran matematika dengan model PBL dapat dijadikan suatu alternatif untuk meningkatkan pemahaman matematis siswa. Kata kunci: problem based learning, pemahaman matematis, kemampuan awal matematika     Abstract The purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of Problem Based Learning Model on Mathematical Understanding viewed from Early Mathematics Ability (EMA). The writer used quantitative analysis method and two-way anova analysis. This paper use primary data, 32 people from experimental class and 31 people from control class in SMK negeri 1 Pandeglang was taken as a interviewees for our research sample using the quasi-experimental method. This study used a pretest and post-test design therefore it can be seen the differences in the increase of mathematical understanding ability from experimental class and control class. The result of this study indicate that students who had PBL learning have higher mathematical understanding ability than students who had expository learning. Based on the hypothesis test sig. 0.027<0.05 H0 is rejected, so it can be concluded that the increase in mathematical understanding ability of students who had PBL learning models is higher than students who had expository learning. The test results with two ways ANOVA of learning factors and EMA generate an interactions with sig. 004 <0.05. This imply that there is a very significant interaction between the learning model and EMA on mathematical understanding skills. From the results of the t-test for high EMA is sig. 0.00 <0.05 H0 is rejected and for low EMA is sig. 0.647> 0.05 H0 is accepted. Therefore we can conclude that learning mathematics using the PBL model can become an alternative way to improve students mathematical understanding ability. Keywords: problem based learning, mathematical understanding, early mathematics ability.

scholarly journals Notching R&D Investment with Corporate Income Tax Cuts in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (7) ◽  
pp. 2065-2100
Author(s):  
Zhao Chen ◽  
Zhikuo Liu ◽  
Juan Carlos Suárez Serrato ◽  
Daniel Yi Xu
Keyword(s):  
Tax Credits ◽  
Experimental Variation ◽  
Chinese Policy ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Policy Simulations ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Firm Selection ◽  
D Investment ◽  
Tax Cuts

We study a Chinese policy that awards substantial tax cuts to firms with R&D investment over a threshold or “notch.” Quasi-experimental variation and administrative tax data show a significant increase in reported R&D that is partly driven by firms relabeling expenses as R&D. Structural estimates show relabeling accounts for 24.2 percent of reported R&D and that doubling R&D would increase productivity by 9 percent. Policy simulations show that firm selection and relabeling determine the cost-effectiveness of stimulating R&D, that notch-based policies are more effective than tax credits when relabeling is prevalent, and that modest spillovers justify the program from a welfare perspective. (JEL D22, D24, H25, O14, O32, P31, P35)

scholarly journals PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN HUKUM TERHADAP NOTARIS YANG MEMBUKA KANTOR CABANG ATAS NAMA SENDIRI (PUTUSAN NOMOR : 2/PTS/Mj.PWN.DKIJakarta/xi/2017)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 564
Author(s):  
Febry Yanti ◽  
Gunawan Djajaputra
Keyword(s):  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Supervisory Board ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Legal Services ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
The West ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
The Government ◽  
Branch Office

Indonesia is a country that adheres to the legal system. The role of the notary is very important in Indonesia. Notaries act as public officials in providing legal services to the public. Notaries are public officials who have the authority to make authentic deeds. A notary position is a public or public position because a notary is appointed and dismissed by the government. Notaries are prohibited from opening more than one notary office because notaries can only open one notary office. But in reality there is a notary who opens a branch office. How the accountability and position of the notary who establishes a branch office on its own behalf is a problem discussed. The research method used is normative legal research is to find the truth of coherence, namely the rule of law in accordance with legal principles. sourced from primary data and secondary data as other supporting data which are analyzed quantitatively. The results of the study explained that the West Jakarta Regional Supervisory Board found that there was a notary office with 2 signboards in the West Jakarta area that had a notary office named Notary Netty Maria Machdar. So that Netty Maria Machdar was found guilty and the position of the notary became hanging due to the absence of a further verdict because it was only proposed to be honorably dismissed by the Regional Supervisory Board so that in this case Netty Maria Machdar was found guilty and obliged to replace the loss but because there was no further verdict. Notary Netty Maria Machdar can still use her rights as a legitimate Notary. Notary Netty Maria Machdar also violated the Indonesian Notary Association Code of Ethics.

scholarly journals Unemployment Insurance and Means-Tested Program Interactions: Evidence from Administrative Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-192
Author(s):  
Pauline Leung ◽  
Christopher O’Leary
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Insurance ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
Welfare Participation ◽  
Quarterly Earnings ◽  
The Past ◽  
Labor Earnings ◽  
Experimental Variation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Quasi Experimental

We study the ways in which unemployment insurance (UI) benefits interact with other elements of the social safety net around job losses. We exploit a cutoff for UI eligibility, based on a workers’ highest quarterly earnings in the past year, to generate quasi-experimental variation in UI receipt. We find that UI receipt cuts welfare (TANF) receipt by half among low-earning UI applicants but has no impact on SNAP or Medicaid usage. However, because welfare participation is low in this population, overall crowdout is small. In the quarter following layoff, UI increases total income by 55 percent (including labor earnings and transfers) (JEL E24, H53, I18, I38, J64, J65).

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