A Portable Method to Estimate Wood Basic Density from Increment Cores Using Spectroscopic Techniques

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 465-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristóbal Galleguillos-Hart ◽  
M. Paulina Fernández ◽  
Andrés Guesalaga
Keyword(s):  
Basic Density ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Wood Basic Density

Behavior of wood basic density according to environmental variables

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Marcos Vieira Oliveira ◽  
José Márcio de Mello ◽  
Carlos Rogério de Mello ◽  
José Roberto Soares Scolforo ◽  
Eder Pereira Miguel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Wood Basic Density

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DE TRÊS MADEIRAS NATIVAS DO CERRADO GOIANO VISANDO À UTILIZAÇÃO ENERGÉTICA

Nativa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-624
Author(s):  
Humberto Fauller De Siqueira ◽  
Evelym Poliana Santos Patrício ◽  
Michael Douglas Roque Lima ◽  
José Benedito Guimarães Junior ◽  
Angélica de Cássia Oliveira Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Muffle Furnace ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Final Temperature ◽  
Wood Basic Density ◽  
Longitudinal Position

Estudos que visem ampliar o conhecimento das madeiras oriundas do cerrado podem contribuir com o correto manejo das espécies. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade da madeira e do carvão vegetal de três espécies do cerrado (Tachigali vulgaris, Myracrodruon urundeuva e Amburana cearensis) para fins energéticos. Foram amostradas duas árvores por espécie e, destas, foram retirados discos da base, a 25, 50, 75 e 100% da altura total. Para a madeira, determinou-se longitudinalmente a densidade básica, composição química, estoque de carbono, poderes caloríficos superior (PCS) e inferior (PCI) e densidade energética. As carbonizações da madeira foram realizadas em forno elétrico, com temperatura final de 450 ºC e taxa de aquecimento de 1,67 ºC.min-1. A posição longitudinal de amostragem não influenciou a densidade da madeira. A madeira de M. urundeuva apresentou maior densidade básica e PCS, bem como menor teor de materiais voláteis. O carvão da espécie T. vulgaris apresentou a menor densidade aparente (298 kg.m-3) e baixo teor de cinzas (1,14%), porém elevado teor de carbono fixo e PCS. O carvão vegetal da espécie M. urundeuva se destacou com elevada densidade relativa aparente (475 kg.m-3). A ordem das melhores espécies é: M. urundeuva, A. cearensis e T. vulgaris. Palavras-chave: energia renovável; espécies nativas; potencial energético; qualidade do carvão.   ASSESSMENT OF THREE NATIVE WOODS FROM CERRADO OF GOIÁS FOR THE ENERGY PURPOSES   ABSTRACT: Studies aimed at expanding the knowledge of woods from cerrado can contribute to the correct management of the species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of wood and charcoal of three species from cerrado (Tachigali vulgaris, Myracrodruon urundeuva, and Amburana cearensis) for energy purposes. Two trees per species were sampled and, from these, disks were removed from the base, at 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the total height. For wood, the properties basic density, chemical analysis, carbon stock, higher (HHV) and lower (LHV) heating values were determined longitudinally. Carbonizations were carried out in a muffle furnace with a final temperature of 450 ºC and heating rate of 1.67 ºC.min-1. There was no effect of longitudinal position under the wood basic density. Myracrodruon urundeuva wood had the highest basic density and HHV, as well as the lowest content of volatile matters. The Tachigali vulgaris charcoal had the lowest bulk density (298 kg.m-3) and low ash content (1.14%), but a high content of fixed carbon and HHV. Charcoal of the species M. urundeuva stood out with high apparent relative density (475 kg.m-3). The order of the best species is M. urundeuva, A. cearensis, and T. vulgaris. Keywords: renewable energy; native species; energy potential; charcoal quality.

scholarly journals Responses of radial growth, wood density and fiber traits to planting space in poplar plantations at a lowland site

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhua Zhang ◽  
Shengzuo Fang ◽  
Ye Tian ◽  
Linlin Wang ◽  
Yi Lv
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Tree Ring Width ◽  
Wood Basic Density ◽  
Fiber Traits

AbstractPoplar is raw material for various panel, paper and fiber products. The 12 sample trees of clone Nanlin-895 from four spacings were destructively harvested after thirteen growing seasons to assess the influence of spacing on radial growth and wood properties. Spacing significantly affected tree-ring width and wood basic density (p < 0.05) but not fiber traits. The highest diameter and wood basic density at breast height (1.3 m) was in 6 m × 6 m and 3 m × 8 m spacings, respectively. However, no significant differences in tree-ring width, wood basic density and fiber traits were observed among the four sampling directions in discs taken at 1.3 m for each spacing. Growth rings from the pith and tree heights had significant effects on wood basic density and fiber anatomical characteristics, highlighting obvious temporal-spatial variations. Pearson correlation analysis showed a significantly negative relationship of tree-ring width to wood basic density, fiber length and fiber width, but a significantly positive relationship to hemicellulose. There was no relationship with cellulose and lignin contents. Based on a comprehensive assessment by the TOPSIS method, the 6 m × 6 m spacing is recommended for producing wood fiber at similar sites in the future.

Application of resistance drilling to genetic studies of growth, wood basic density and bark thickness in Eucalyptus globulus

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-179
Author(s):  
H. Nickolas ◽  
D. Williams ◽  
G. Downes ◽  
P. A. Harrison ◽  
R. E. Vaillancourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Bark Thickness ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Wood Basic Density ◽  
Resistance Drilling

scholarly journals ESTIMATIVA DA BIOMASSA E CARBONO ACIMA DO SOLO EM UM FRAGMENTO DE FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA DENSA UTILIZANDO O MÉTODO DA DERIVAÇÃO DO VOLUME COMERCIAL

FLORESTA ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Péricles Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Basic Density ◽  
Atlantic Rain Forest ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Expansion Factor ◽  
Biomass Equation ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Wood Basic Density ◽  
Carbon Biomass ◽  
Derivation Method

O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi estimar pelo método da derivação do volume comercial, e comparar com a estimativa realizada por uma equação previamente selecionada para biomassa, o estoque de biomassa e carbono em um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Densa localizado nos municípios de Presidente Nereu Ramos e Apiúna, no estado de Santa Catarina. Com as informações de biomassa total, biomassa comercial, densidade básica da madeira, volume comercial e teores de carbono determinou-se o fator de expansão médio, por espécie e por classes de DAP. Estimou-se também, conforme o método de estimativa, a quantidade de dióxido de carbono removido da atmosfera e o valor monetário da floresta. Estes resultados mostraram que as estimativas encontradas pelo método da derivação de volume comercial em estoque de biomassa e carbono, apesar de até o momento ter sido pouco explorado, são confiáveis por estarem próximas às estimativas encontradas pela equação para biomassa assim como dos trabalhos realizados atualmente em florestas de formação natural.Palavras-chave:  Biomassa; carbono; fator de expansão de biomassa; modelos para biomassa e carbono. AbstractAbove ground biomass and carbon stock estimation through the commercial volume derivation in a Dense Ombrophyllous Forest fragment. The objective of this research was to estimate biomass and carbon amounts through the commercial volume derivation in an Atlantic Rain Forest fragment located in Presidente Nereu Ramos and Apiúna counties, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, and compare the results with a previously selected equation. Using the total biomass, commercial biomass, wood basic density, commercial volume, and carbon content, the average expansion factor by species and DBH classes was calculated. It was also estimated the CO2 amount absorbed from the atmosphere and the monetary value of the forest. The results showed that the estimations obtained through the commercial volume derivation method, although not common, are reliable when compared to the selected biomass equation and the results from other studies carried out in native forests.Keywords: Biomass; carbon; biomass expansion factor; biomass and carbon models.

scholarly journals Volume and Aboveground Biomass Models for Dry Miombo Woodland in Tanzania

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezekiel Edward Mwakalukwa ◽  
Henrik Meilby ◽  
Thorsten Treue
Keyword(s):  
Basic Density ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Miombo Woodland ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Wood Basic Density ◽  
Biomass Models ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Brachystegia Spiciformis ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Similar Site

Tools to accurately estimate tree volume and biomass are scarce for most forest types in East Africa, including Tanzania. Based on a sample of 142 trees and 57 shrubs from a 6,065 ha area of dry miombo woodland in Iringa rural district in Tanzania, regression models were developed for volume and biomass of three important species,Brachystegia spiciformisBenth. (n = 40),Combretum molleG. Don (n = 41), andDalbergia arbutifoliaBaker (n = 37) separately, and for broader samples of trees (28 species,n = 72), shrubs (16 species,n = 32), and trees and shrubs combined (44 species,n = 104). Applied independent variables were log-transformed diameter, height, and wood basic density, and in each case a range of different models were tested. The general tendency among the final models is that the fit improved when height and wood basic density were included. Also the precision and accuracy of the predictions tended to increase from general to species-specific models. Except for a few volume and biomass models developed for shrubs, all models hadR2values of 96–99%. Thus, the models appear robust and should be applicable to forests with similar site conditions, species, and diameter ranges.

scholarly journals ANATOMICAL, ULTRASTRUCTURAL, PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL WOOD PROPERTIES OF TWO-YEAR-OLD Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla CLONES

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio José Vinha Zanuncio ◽  
Amélia Guimarães Carvalho ◽  
Angélica de Cassia Oliveira Carneiro ◽  
Mario Tomazello Filho ◽  
Paulina Valenzuela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Radial Direction ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Wood Basic Density ◽  
Eucalyptus Wood ◽  
Adult Trees

ABSTRACT Eucalyptus wood from adult trees is used for several purposes; however, the wood of younger trees has limited use. This study aims to characterize and propose uses of two-year-old eucalyptus wood. Six two-year-old Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla clones have been selected and their anatomical, ultrastructural, physical and mechanical wood characteristics evaluated. The wood of Clone A shows more robust fibers with better microfibril arrangement, resulting in better mechanical properties, and therefore, a better performance for structural use. Clone F showed a low variation of wood basic density in the radial direction, facilitating its machinability, and with the Clone B, showed a lower anisotropy, and therefore, the wood is recommended for locations with high variations of humidity. The heterogeneity of the wood characteristics of the evaluated clones confirms the need for further studies, to choose those most adequate to each use.

WITHIN AND BETWEEN-TREE VARIATION OF BARK CONTENT AND WOOD DENSITY OF EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS IN COMMERCIAL PLANTATIONS

IAWA Journal ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Quilhó ◽  
Helena Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bark Thickness ◽  
Reasonable Accuracy ◽  
Wood Basic Density ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation

Eucalyptus globulus trees, 15 years old, were sampled at different heights from commercial pulpwood plantations in two sites in Portugal. Bark thickness was higher in the site with better growth and always decreased from the tree base to the top. Bark content was site independent and on average 11% of stem dry weight, higher at the base and top, and lower at 35% height level.Tree mean wood basic density averaged 600 kg /m3 and 568 kg /m3 for best and worst site, respectively, and was not correlated with tree growth. Wood density increased from base to top of the tree. Between-tree variation was low with coefficients of variation of site mean below 10%. Bark density (374 kg /m3 and 454 kg /m3 for best and worst site, respectively) did not show significant within tree variation. Average tree wood density could not be predicted with reasonable accuracy using a breast height sampling and better results were obtained using a sampling as a percentage of total height (e.g. 15%).

Conversion between basic density and apparent density at any moisture content in Eucalyptus grandis

Holzforschung ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 981-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Eliodoro Costa ◽  
Marcos Antônio de Rezende ◽  
Valdemir Antônio Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Apparent Density ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Volumetric Shrinkage ◽  
Wood Basic Density

Abstract Wood basic density (BD) is related to other wood characteristics and its determination is important in forest inventory, though BD must be differentiated from the apparent density (AD), which relates to the moisture content (MC) of wood. The aim of this study is to demonstrate a reliable conversion from BD to AD for any MC of Eucalyptus grandis wood based on two exponential and linear models that relate volumetric shrinkage to MC. To this end, wood specimens were submitted to drying and the volumetric shrinkage was determined as a function of MC. The two models proved to be efficient in the conversion of BD to AD and vice versa.

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