The near Infrared-Instruments in Grain and Milling Industry in Poland—The Current Situation and the Future

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (A) ◽  
pp. A97-A99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Rothkaehl
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
The Future ◽  
Infrared Instruments

Investigating the total antioxidant capacity of gluten-free grains with miniaturized near-infrared spectrometer

NIR news ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Verena Wiedemair ◽  
Christian Wolfgang Huck
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Test Set ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Near Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Infrared Instruments

The use of ever smaller near-infrared instruments is becoming more and more prevalent, since they are cheaper, more versatile and often advertised as high-performance spectrometer. The last claim is rarely verified by independent researchers, which is why the presented work evaluates the performance of three hand-held spectrometers in comparison to a benchtop instrument. Seventy-seven samples comprising buckwheat, millet and oat were investigated for their total antioxidant capacity using Folin–Ciocalteu and near-infrared spectroscopy. Partial least squares regression models were established using cross- and test set validation. Results showed that all instruments were able to predict total antioxidant capacity to some extent. The coefficients of determinations ranged from 0.823 to 0.951 for cross-validated and from 0.849 to 0.952 for test set validated models. Errors for cross-validated models ranged from 1.11 to 2.08 mgGAE/g and for test set validated models from 1.02 to 1.86 mgGAE/g.

The Research on the Current Situation and Advances of Petrochemical Wastewater Treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 2416-2419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Jun Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Petrochemical Wastewater ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
The Future ◽  
At Home

At present, it is so prominent in the development of the petrochemical industry in China，and it is accompanied by petrochemical wastewater, which has become a big problem need to solve urgently.Because petrochemical wastewater mainly contains benzene-compound, organic matter, high salt wastewater and oil sewage, etc. They are very damaging and highly contaminated. The composition and properties of the petrochemical wastewater were introduced firstly, the current situation of petrochemical wastewater treatment at home and abroad were reviewed in the study. Especially the development of petrochemical industry in sichuan was introduced. Based on the present situation and the existing problems, put forward some countermeasures and expect technique develop direction in the future.

Near Infrared Equipment through the Ages and into the Future

NIR news ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin E. Barton
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
The Future

A Simple Testing Procedure for near Infrared Instruments

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (A) ◽  
pp. A163-A170 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Barabás
Keyword(s):  
Error Compensation ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Wheat Protein ◽  
Calibration Equation ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Mean Square Difference ◽  
Infrared Instruments ◽  
Protein Measurement

The testing and adjusting procedure of near infrared (NIR) spectrophotometers is based on the measurement of some standards and, if necessary, on the adjustment of the constants in the calibration equation. For this work some use few standards, whereas others use 20 or more. This work was aimed to determine the range of error compensation and the minimum number of standards required. The experiments were applied to wheat protein measurement using two scanning spectrophotometers. The errors in the NIR measurements were characterised as bias, skew, error derived from skew ( Eskew) and standard error of difference corrected for bias and skew ( SEDc) parameters and supposed that errors derived from the change in the wavelength or reflectance of the instrument. The confidence intervals of bias and skew, derived from duplicate measurements of various numbers of wheat standards, were used to determine the minimum number of standards required. The range of error compensation was defined with those bias values, where SEDc was smaller, than an acceptable limit. The range of compensation corresponded to a bias value of ± 8 g kg−1 for wheat protein measurements. The detection of error of measurements required 4 wheat standards. The elimination of errors of bias and skew required 9 standards within the above limits. The developed procedure was tested in case of real instrument error. Diminishing a bias from 5.2 g kg−1 to 0.7 g kg−1 and the root mean square difference ( RMSD) to an acceptable level required the use of 9 standards, similar to the model experiment. The simplicity and rapidity (about 10 min) of the procedure enabled the routine test of NIR instruments. The range of error compensation and the number of standards referred to wheat protein. The simple modelling procedure proved also suitable for the determination of these values for other components and under other measuring conditions.

scholarly journals Shifting Tides: The Potential and Limitations of Critical Mass to Change Discipline Research Habits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sereana Naepi
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
University Studies ◽  
The Future ◽  
Critical University Studies

As we consider the future of Pacific scholarship in Aotearoa–New Zealand it becomes vital to consider what we wish that future to look like and how to get there. Part of that talanoa involves considering what the possible levers of change are and whether they are capable of fulfilling our desires for change. This article outlines the different national interventions that are being made to increase Pacific engagement in Aotearoa–New Zealand’s universities, and then considers whether these interventions are fulfilling our vision for our communities. In order to deepen conversations in this space, this article also draws on critical university studies literature to help unpack the current situation and to provoke some questioning around our current trajectory.

scholarly journals In good times and in bad: Die stormagtige verhouding tussen kerk en die orrel � is egskeiding onafwendbaar?

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ockie C. Vermeulen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Pipe Organ ◽  
Worship Service ◽  
The Future ◽  
Role Players ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

In good times and in bad: The tumultuous relationship between the church and the organ - is divorce inevitable? Through the ages, a delicate relationship has existed between the church and the pipe organ. Since the 10th century, the organ established itself as a unique instrument in service of worship. This relationship was not always a steady one, and this article investigates the tumultuous affair between the two parties. In part one of the article, which is a historic perspective, the relationship is discussed by looking at different cultures and uses of the organ in the worship service. This gives a sense of when and how the relationship came into being and developed or deteriorated. In part two, the current situation in the Afrikaans Reformed service is explored by conducting several unstructured interviews with key role players in the theological and musical world of South Africa. In part three, the study ventures into speculating about the future of the organ in the worship service by briefly looking at the attitude of the organist and spirituality of the postmodern church goer. In essence, this article reflects on whether the marriage between church and music instrument is solid or on its way to the divorce court.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The relationship between organ and church has to be reconsidered. The use of the organ in the worship service has to be taken under scrutiny, and a new relationship agreement between the two partners has to be formulated.

scholarly journals A Methodological Review of fNIRS in Driving Research: Relevance to the Future of Autonomous Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Balters ◽  
Joseph M. Baker ◽  
Joseph W. Geeseman ◽  
Allan L. Reiss
Keyword(s):  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Functional Brain Imaging ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Methodological Review ◽  
The Future

As automobile manufacturers have begun to design, engineer, and test autonomous driving systems of the future, brain imaging with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) can provide unique insights about cognitive processes associated with evolving levels of autonomy implemented in the automobile. Modern fNIRS devices provide a portable, relatively affordable, and robust form of functional neuroimaging that allows researchers to investigate brain function in real-world environments. The trend toward “naturalistic neuroscience” is evident in the growing number of studies that leverage the methodological flexibility of fNIRS, and in doing so, significantly expand the scope of cognitive function that is accessible to observation via functional brain imaging (i.e., from the simulator to on-road scenarios). While more than a decade’s worth of study in this field of fNIRS driving research has led to many interesting findings, the number of studies applying fNIRS during autonomous modes of operation is limited. To support future research that directly addresses this lack in autonomous driving research with fNIRS, we argue that a cogent distillation of the methods used to date will help facilitate and streamline this research of tomorrow. To that end, here we provide a methodological review of the existing fNIRS driving research, with the overarching goal of highlighting the current diversity in methodological approaches. We argue that standardization of these approaches will facilitate greater overlap of methods by researchers from all disciplines, which will, in-turn, allow for meta-analysis of future results. We conclude by providing recommendations for advancing the use of such fNIRS technology in furthering understanding the adoption of safe autonomous vehicle technology.

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