Predicting Elements in White Pine and Red Oak Foliage with Visible-Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

1997 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Hallett ◽  
J.W. Hornbeck ◽  
M.E. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Nir Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Calibration Equations ◽  
Mn Concentrations

Near infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy was evaluated for its effectiveness at predicting Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg and Mn concentrations in white pine ( Pinus strobus L.) and red oak ( Quercus rubra L.) foliage. A NIR spectrophotometer was used to scan 470 dried, ground foliage samples. These samples were used to develop calibration equations using a modified partial least squares (MPLS) regression technique. For the calibration equations, concentrations of Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg and Mn as determined by acid digestion and laboratory analysis were regressed against second-difference absorbance values measured from 400 to 2498 nm. The regression models developed by NIR reflectance spectroscopy were unable to predict Fe. Predictions were satisfactory for Al, Ca, K, Mn and Mg. It still is uncertain which mineral/organic associations are being detected by NIR reflectance spectroscopy. Future applications may include prediction of element concentrations in the forest canopy via remote sensing.

Use of near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy to Analyse Bovine Faecal Samples

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Cozzolino ◽  
A. La Manna ◽  
D. Vaz Martins
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Nir Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Calibration Equations

Near infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy was used to predict nitrogen (N), acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and chromium (Cr) in beef faecal samples. One hundred and twenty faecal samples were scanned in a NIRSystems 6500 monochromator instrument over the wavelength range of 400–2500 nm in reflectance. Calibration equations were developed using modified partial least squares (MPLS) with internal cross validation to avoid overfitting. The coefficient of determination in calibration ( R2cal) and the standard error in cross validation ( SECV) were 0.80 (0.74) for N, 0.92 (12.04) for ADF, 0.86 (13.5) for NDF and 0.56 (0.07) for Cr in g kg−1 dry weight, respectively. Results for validation were 0.78 ( SEP: 0.1) for N, 0.74 ( SEP: 7.5) for ADF, 0.85 ( SEP: 8.5) for NDF and 0.10 (0.09) for Cr in g kg−1 dry weight, respectively.

Measurement of the magnesium concentration in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
KF Smith ◽  
SE Willis ◽  
PC Flinn
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Calibration Equations

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIR) was used to develop calibration equations to measure the magnesium concentration in perennial ryegrass herbage (Lolium perenne). A subset of 72 samples was selected on the basis of spectral variation from 400 samples grown in 1988-1989. Three alternative equations were chosen using stepwise multiple linear regression, with standard errors ranging from 0.4 to 0.3 g/kg DM with corresponding squared multiple correlation coefficients ( R2) of 0.68 to 0.82. The equations had 2, 4 and 4 wavelength terms respectively. When these equations were tested on an independent population of perennial ryegrass samples, a significant bias existed when using the 4 term equations but there was no bias when the 2 term equation was used. We conclude that NIR can be used to screen large numbers of perennial ryegrass plants for magnesium concentration. However, for the calibration equations to be used for the analysis of other populations equation performance must be monitored by comparing reference and NIR analyses on a small number of samples.

Authentication of Whole and Ground Coffee Beans by near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Downey ◽  
Jerôme Boussion ◽  
Dominique Beauchêne
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Correct Classification Rate ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Classification Rate ◽  
Identification Rate ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Correct Identification Rate ◽  
Nir Reflectance Spectroscopy

The potential of NIR reflectance spectroscopy for discriminating between pure Arabica and pure Robusta coffees and blends of these two was investigated. Studies were performed on whole and ground beans using a factorial discriminant procedure. For whole beans, in the absence of blended samples, a correct classification rate of 96.2% was achieved. Inclusion of blended samples reduced this figure to between 82.9 and 87.6%. In the case of ground samples, including blends, a correct identification rate of 83.02% was achieved. The molecular basis for discrimination is discussed.

Development of a Sample Set for Soya Bean Calibration of near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.L. Hong ◽  
S.-J. Tsai ◽  
S.C.S. Tsou
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Sample Set ◽  
Calibration Equations

The potential application of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is limited since its calibration equations are not always transferable from one instrument to another. Hence, an attempt was made to develop a selected sample set of soya beans with analytical data, which could be distributed to collaborators to calibrate their instruments. Sixty soya bean samples, (1 kg each) were selected and packed (200 g each) in laminated film bags after thorough mixing. During their storage at 4°C, the soya bean samples were periodically evaluated by chemical analysis as well as by NIR spectroscopy. Chemical compositions (i.e. moisture, protein and fat) were determined using conventional methods. Experimental results showed that no significant differences were found in the compositions of interest as well as in the reflectance spectra over a storage period of up to three years, and that the NIR spectroscopy method is independent of the location and model of the instruments. The experiment demonstrated that it is possible practically to use a pre-packed sample set with chemical data for calibration purposes.

The Potential of near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy as a Tool for the Chemical Characterisation of Agricultural Soils

2001 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Confalonieri ◽  
F. Fornasier ◽  
A. Ursino ◽  
F. Boccardi ◽  
B. Pintus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Nir Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Soil Constituents

The feasibility of near infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy in determining various soil constituents such as total organic carbon, total nitrogen, exchangeable potassium and available phosphorus has been investigated, to monitor their concentration during a long-term agronomic trial. Soil samples previously analysed by conventional chemical methods were scanned using a NIRSystems 5000 monochromator and spectra were treated using several algorithms. The first derivative of each NIR spectrum was used for all statistical analyses. Step-up, stepwise and modified partial least squares (MPLS) regression methods were applied to develop reliable calibration models between the NIR spectral data and the results of wet analyses. MPLS almost always gave the most successful calibrations. The results demonstrated that NIR reflectance spectroscopy can be used to determine accurately two important soil constituents, namely total nitrogen and carbon content. This technique could be employed as a routine testing method in estimating, rapidly and non-destructively, these constituents in soil samples, demonstrating soil variations within a long-term field experiment. For other determinations, such as exchangeable potassium and available phosphorus content, our results were less successful but may be useful for separation of samples into groups.

Quality Control of Technical Casein—Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy Method

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (A) ◽  
pp. A303-A306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henryk W. Czarnik-Matusewicz ◽  
Adolf Korniewicz
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Spectroscopy Method ◽  
Total Acidity ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Significant Saving ◽  
Wet Chemistry ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Nir Reflectance Spectroscopy

The near infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy method can be used in the routine checking of the technical casein. All the chemical and physical characteristics of the product that influence the NIR spectrum affect the qualification. In order to monitor possible deviations in the preparation, it is advisable to carry out some test during the different manufacturing stages. These test are: determination of water, fat, ash, free and total acidity. A set of 66 ground casein samples was used to calibrate the output from NIR instrument InfraAlyzer 500 (Bran+Luebbe GmbH), taking reflectance readings every 2 nm between 1100 nm and 2500 nm. As soon as the spectral scanning had been completed, the casein samples were subjected to the standard wet chemistry analysis. The spectral data from this calibration set was then statistically manipulated using MLR method with the aid of the software SESAME ver. 2.10 (Bran+Luebbe GmbH) to generate calibration models. These calibrations were then applied to a separate set of 20 samples which, for validation purposes, were also analysed by wet chemistry. The casein samples analysis predictions compared with the wet chemistry results on these samples, with standard errors of determination of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.2%, 0.2% and 0.5% for water, fat, ash, free and total acidity, respectively. The use of NIR instrumentation and appropriate calibrations is able to result in a significant saving of laboratory resources when large numbers of the technical casein samples are being processed for analysis.

Visible and near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy for the Determination of Moisture, Fat and Protein in Chicken Breast and Thigh Muscle

1996 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Cozzolino ◽  
I. Murray ◽  
R. Paterson ◽  
J.R. Scaife
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Chicken Breast ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Multivariate Correlation ◽  
Intact Muscle ◽  
Standard Normal ◽  
Nir Reflectance Spectroscopy

Near infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy was used to determine the chemical composition of chicken breast and thigh muscles. Samples from twenty-four males and twenty-four females were scanned from 400 to 2500 nm, both as intact muscle and as comminuted (minced) tissue. Modified partial least squares (MPLS) regression on scatter corrected spectra (standard normal variates and Detrend) gave calibration models for chemical variables from NIR measurements on the defrosted minced breast samples having multivariate correlation coefficients and standard errors of calibration of 0.995 (2.4), 0.974 (2.11) and 0.946 (4.55) for moisture, crude protein and fat in g kg −1, respectively.

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