scholarly journals Recent Advances in the Search for the N-Opioidergic System: Morphological Studies of the Endomorphinergic Neurons in the Central Nervous System

2002 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-Ping Wang ◽  
James E. Zadina ◽  
Jian-Lian Guan ◽  
Seiji Shioda
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Opioidergic System ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Current management of brain metastases

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (04) ◽  
pp. 347-351
Author(s):  
Pedro Tadao Hamamoto Filho ◽  
Vitor César Machado ◽  
Flávio Ramalho Romero ◽  
Luis Gustavo Ducati ◽  
Marco Antônio Zanini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Whole Brain Radiotherapy ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Brain Radiotherapy ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Treatment Surgery

AbstractBrain metastases are the most common tumors within the central nervous system. Recent advances on diagnosis and treatment modalities have allowed for longer survival. In this paper we review the indication of each modality of treatment: surgery, whole brain radiotherapy and stereotactic radiosurgery, as also recent advances on the knowledge of brain metastases biology that may improve the use of medical treatment and chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Development of the central nervous system in guinea pig (Cavia porcellus, Rodentia, Caviidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 753-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Menezes de Oliveira e Silva ◽  
Dayane Alcantara ◽  
Rafael Cardoso Carvalho ◽  
Phelipe Oliveira Favaron ◽  
Amilton Cesar dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cauda Equina ◽  
Neural Tube Closure ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract: This study describes the development of the central nervous system in guinea pigs from 12th day post conception (dpc) until birth. Totally, 41 embryos and fetuses were analyzed macroscopically and by means of light and electron microscopy. The neural tube closure was observed at day 14 and the development of the spinal cord and differentiation of the primitive central nervous system vesicles was on 20th dpc. Histologically, undifferentiated brain tissue was observed as a mass of mesenchymal tissue between 18th and 20th dpc, and at 25th dpc the tissue within the medullary canal had higher density. On day 30 the brain tissue was differentiated on day 30 and the spinal cord filling throughout the spinal canal, period from which it was possible to observe cerebral and cerebellar stratums. At day 45 intumescences were visualized and cerebral hemispheres were divided, with a clear division between white and gray matter in brain and cerebellum. Median sulcus of the dorsal spinal cord and the cauda equina were only evident on day 50. There were no significant structural differences in fetuses of 50 and 60 dpc, and animals at term were all lissencephalic. In conclusion, morphological studies of the nervous system in guinea pig can provide important information for clinical studies in humans, due to its high degree of neurological maturity in relation to its short gestation period, what can provide a good tool for neurological studies.

Recent advances in embryonal tumours of the central nervous system

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chitra Sarkar ◽  
Prabal Deb ◽  
Mehar Chand Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Embryonal Tumours

Predictive molecular markers in metastases to the central nervous system: recent advances and future avenues

2014 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 879-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sophie Berghoff ◽  
Rupert Bartsch ◽  
Adelheid Wöhrer ◽  
Berthold Streubel ◽  
Peter Birner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Structure and Functions of Gap Junctions and Their Constituent Connexins in the Mammalian CNS

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-119
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Kirichenko ◽  
S. N. Skatchkov ◽  
A. M. Ermakov
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
System Level ◽  
Molecular Signaling ◽  
Metabolic Cooperation ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract— Numerous data obtained in the last 20 years indicate that all parts of the mature central nervous system, from the retina and olfactory bulb to the spinal cord and brain, contain cells connected by gap junctions (GJs). The morphological basis of the GJs is a group of joined membrane hemichannels called connexons, the subunit of each connexon is the protein connexin. In the central nervous system, connexins show specificity and certain types of them are expressed either in neurons or in glial cells. Connexins and GJs of neurons, combining certain types of inhibitory hippocampal and neocortical neuronal ensembles, provide synchronization of local impulse and rhythmic activity, thalamocortical conduction, control of excitatory connections, which reflects their important role in the processes of perception, concentration of attention and consolidation of memory, both on the cellular and at the system level. Connexins of glial cells are ubiquitously expressed in the brain, and the GJs formed by them provide molecular signaling and metabolic cooperation and play a certain role in the processes of neuronal migration during brain development, myelination, tissue homeostasis, and apoptosis. At the same time, mutations in the genes of glial connexins, as well as a deficiency of these proteins, are associated with such diseases as congenital neuropathies, hearing loss, skin diseases, and brain tumors. This review summarizes the existing data of numerous molecular, electrophysiological, pharmacological, and morphological studies aimed at progress in the study of the physiological and pathophysiological significance of glial and neuronal connexins and GJs for the central nervous system.

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