scholarly journals A PHOTOELECTRIC METHOD FOR ESTIMATING INFLAMMATORY INTENSITY IN MICE AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EVALUATION OF GLUCURONIC ACID DERIVATIVES

1967 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
NORIMITSU L. SATO ◽  
IKUZO HIMURO ◽  
AKITOSHI SHIOYA
Keyword(s):  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Photoelectric Method ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

scholarly journals Preparation of Polysaccharides from Ramulus mori, and Their Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Antibacterial Activities

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wansha Yu ◽  
Hu Chen ◽  
Zhonghuai Xiang ◽  
Ningjia He
Keyword(s):  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Melting Temperatures ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Solid Liquid

The extraction of Ramulus mori polysaccharides (RMPs) was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal process conditions, which gave the highest yield of RMPs (6.25%) were 80 °C, 50 min, and a solid–liquid ratio of 1:40 (g/mL), with the extraction performed twice. The RMPs contained seven monosaccharides, namely, mannose, rhamnose; glucuronic acid, glucose, xylose, galactose, and arabinose, in a 1.36:2.68:0.46:328.17:1.53:21.80:6.16 molar ratio. The glass transition and melting temperatures of RMPs were 83 and 473 °C, respectively. RMPs were α-polysaccharides and had surfaces that resembled a porous sponge, as observed by scanning electron microscopy. RMPs inhibited the proliferation of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and showed antioxidant activity (assessed by three different methods), although it was generally weaker than that of vitamin C. RMPs showed anti-inflammatory activity in a concentration-dependent manner. This study provides a basis for exploring the potential uses of RMPs.

scholarly journals Structure and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of a New Unusual Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfate from Cucumaria djakonovi

Marine Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Ustyuzhanina ◽  
Maria Bilan ◽  
Elena Panina ◽  
Nadezhda Sanamyan ◽  
Andrey Dmitrenok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfates ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate CD was isolated from the sea cucumber Cucumaria djakonovi collected from the Avachinsky Gulf of the eastern coast of Kamchatka. Structural characterization of CD was performed using a series of non-destructive NMR spectroscopic procedures. The polysaccharide was shown to contain a chondroitin core [→3)-β-d-GalNAc-(1→4)-β-d-GlcA-(1→]n where about 60% of GlcA residues were 3-O-fucosylated, while another part of GlcA units did not contain any substituents. The presence of unsubstituted both at O-2 and O-3 glucuronic acid residues in a structure of holothurian chondroitin sulfate is unusual and has not been reported previously. Three different fucosyl branches Fucp2S4S, Fucp3S4S and Fucp4S were found in the ratio of 2:1:1. The GalNAc units were mono- or disulfated at positions 4 and 6. Anti-inflammatory activity of CD was assessed on a model of acute peritoneal inflammation in rats. About 45% inhibition was found for CD, while a structurally related linear chondroitin sulfate SS from cartilage of the fish Salmo salar demonstrated only 31% inhibition, indicating that the presence of sulfated fucosyl branches is essential for anti-inflammatory effect of chondroitin sulfates of marine origin.

scholarly journals A Glucuronic Acid-Palmitoylethanolamide Conjugate (GLUPEA) Is an Innovative Drug Delivery System and a Potential Bioregulator

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 450
Author(s):  
Emiliano Manzo ◽  
Aniello Schiano Moriello ◽  
Francesco Tinto ◽  
Roberta Verde ◽  
Marco Allarà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Lipid Mediator ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid ◽  
Innovative Drug ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an endogenous anti-inflammatory lipid mediator and a widely used nutraceutical. In this study, we designed, realized, and tested a drug-carrier conjugate between PEA (the active drug) and glucuronic acid (the carrier). The conjugate, named GLUPEA, was characterized for its capability of increasing PEA levels and exerting anti-inflammatory activity both in vitro and in vivo. GLUPEA treatment, compared to the same concentration of PEA, resulted in higher cellular amounts of PEA and the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), and increased 2-AG-induced transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) channel desensitization to capsaicin. GLUPEA inhibited pro-inflammatory monocyte chemoattractant protein 2 (MCP-2) release from stimulated keratinocytes, and it was almost as efficacious as ultra-micronized PEA at reducing colitis in dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)-injected mice when using the same dose. GLUPEA is a novel pro-drug able to efficiently mimic the anti-inflammatory and endocannabinoid enhancing actions of PEA.

scholarly journals Identification of Active Compounds From Yi Nationality Herbal Formula Wosi Influencing COX-2 and VCAM-1 Signaling

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Zhong Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Yi Chen ◽  
You-Jiao Wu ◽  
Li-Min Li ◽  
Li Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Oleanolic Acid ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Herbal Formula ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Cox 1

The Yi nationality herbal formula Wosi is used in China as a folk medicine to treat arthritis and related diseases. Despite its widespread use, the active ingredients, and pharmacological mechanisms are not performed. This is the first time to identify the active compounds from Wosi with the aim at providing the potential effect of Wosi and exploring its underlying anti-inflammatory mechanism in monosodium urate crystals (MSU)-induced arthritis rats. In this study, anti-hyperuricemia effect was assessed by reducing the serum uric acid levels and increasing uric acid excretion in the urine for the hyperuricemia rat model. Wosi significantly suppressed the degree of joint swelling and improved the symptoms of inflammation induced by MSU crystals. The inhibition of IL-2, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and IL-6 secretion and IL-10 increase in the serum were also observed. This study also focuses on the screening of the main compounds from Wosi against cyclooxygenase for anti-inflammatory properties using molecular docking. The result showed 3-O-[α-L-pyran rhamnose(1-3)-β-D-pyran glucuronic acid]- oleanolic acid, 3-O-(β-D-pyran glucuronic acid)-oleanolic acid-28-O-β-D-pyran glucoside, and 3-O-[α-L-pyran rhamnose(1-3)-β-D-pyran glucuronic acid]-oleanolic acid-28-O-β-D-pyran glucoside with a higher binding affinity for COX-2 than COX-1 which indicated relatively higher interaction than COX-1. The preferential selectivity toward inhibiting COX-2 enzyme over COX-1 of three compounds from Wosi were evaluated using in-vitro cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 (COX-1/2) inhibition assays. Meanwhile, the down-regulated protein expression of COX-2 and VCAM-1 in synovial tissue sections from ankle joints of experiments rats were confirmed by immunohistochemistry analysis after the Wosi treatment. In conclusion, three oleanolic acid glycosides were implied as mainly efficient compounds in Yi nationality herbal formula Wosi for arthritis therapy via selectively influencing COX-2 and VCAM-1 signaling.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Effects of Glycyrrhizic Acid

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Jia Ming ◽  
Adeline Chia Yoke Yin
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Glycyrrhizic Acid ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Glycyrrhetinic Acid ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Glycyrrhizic acid (GA), belonging to a class of triterpenes, is a conjugate of two molecules, namely glucuronic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid. It is naturally extracted from the roots of licorice plants. With its more common uses in the confectionery and cosmetics industry, GA extends its applications as a herbal medicine for a wide range of ailments. At low appropriate doses, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-tumor, antimicrobial and anti-viral properties have been reported by researchers worldwide. This review summarizes the effects of GA on metabolic syndrome, tumorigenesis, microbes and viruses, oxidative stress, and inflammation, as well as the reported side effects of the drug.

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