scholarly journals Pharmacological studies of loperamide, an anti-diarrheal agent. II. Effects on peristalsis of the small intestine and colon in guinea pigs.

1978 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukinobu SOHJI ◽  
Katsuyoshi KAWASHIMA ◽  
Masanao SHIMIZU
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Pharmacological Studies

In vitro absorption of bile salts by small intestine of rats and guinea pigs

1961 ◽  
Vol 200 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Lack ◽  
I. M. Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Active Transport ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Concentration Gradient ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Ileal Segment

The transport of taurocholic and glycocholic acids by the small intestine of rats and guinea pigs against a concentration gradient was studied by the everted gutsac technique. Transport of these substances is limited to the distal ileal segment. This transport is inhibited by anoxia, dinitrophenol and sodium azide. The system has a transport maximum. On the basis of these criteria bile acid reabsorption is considered to occur by active transport.

scholarly journals Morphoquantitative study of the submucous plexus (of Meissner) of the jejunum-ileum of young and old guinea pigs

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo César Zanesco ◽  
Romeu Rodrigues de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Submucous Plexus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Electronic Microscope

OBJECTIVE: To study the aging of submucous plexus of the small intestine (jejunum-ileum) of the guinea pigs from the quantitative, structural and ultrastructural perspective. METHOD: Chemical preparations of membrane of the jejunum-ileum of old and young animals with the use of light and electronic microscope. RESULTS: The ganglia of young animals presented between 1 and 56 neurons and the old animals presented from 1 to 30 neurons. The mean density of the ganglia by cm² in the young jejunum-ileum was of 551±36.89 and in the old one 413±11.86. The density of the neurons was 5011±291.11 neurons/cm² average in young animals and 2918±120.70 neurons/cm² in the old ones. The size of the neurons varied in both age groups. The collagen fibers in the ganglia of old animals they were condensed. Degenerated mitochondrias in the interior of the cell were frequent in the old animals. CONCLUSION: In submucous plexus of the jejunum-ileum there is a loss of 38% of the neurons with aging.

scholarly journals Гістоморфологічні зміни в органах і тканинах мурчаків, інфікованих ентеротоксигенними штамами Y. Enterocoliticа

2015 ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Б. В. Борисевич ◽  
В. Г. Скибіцький ◽  
Г. В. Козловська ◽  
А. В. Козловська
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Immune Organs ◽  
Liver And Pancreas ◽  
Histomorphological Changes ◽  
Significant Activation

Викладено результати дослідження гістоморфо-логічних змін органів і тканин мурчаків, інфікованихентеротоксигенними штамами Y. enterocoliticа. Зок-рема встановлено, що найбільше уражається тонкакишка, де виявляють поверхневий некротичний енте-рит. Токсини збудника хвороби, потрапляючи в кров,спричиняють дистрофічні зміни в печінці та підшлун-ковій залозі, спричиняють екстракапілярний серознийгломерулонефрит та дистрофічні зміни епітеліюканальців нирок, а також серозний міокардит. Інфі-кування мурчаків призводить до значної активаціївсіх імунокомпетентних органів організму – тимусу,селезінки, соматичних і вісцеральних лімфовузлів. The results of the study of histomorphological changes in organs and tissues of guinea pigs infected with enterotoxigenic strains of Y. enterocolitica were presented. We established, in particular, the most affected in small intestine, where superficial necrotic enteritis was determined. Toxins are causative agent, getting into the bloodstream cause degenerative changes in the liver and pancreas. And also serous ecstracapillary glomerulonephritis and degenerated changes of epithelial tubules of the kidneys and serous myocarditis were caused. The infecting of guinea pigs leads significant activation of immune organs: thymus, spleen, somatic and visceral lymph nodes.

Gastrointestinal myoelectric activity in conscious guinea pigs

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (1) ◽  
pp. G92-G99 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Galligan ◽  
M. Costa ◽  
J. B. Furness
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Gastric Antrum ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Cycle Period ◽  
Myoelectric Activity ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Intestinal Slow Waves

Myoelectric activity was recorded from the gastric antrum and small intestine of conscious, unrestrained guinea pigs using bipolar Ag-Ag chloride electrodes that had been previously implanted under pentobarbital sodium/Innovar anesthesia. In fasted guinea pigs, the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) was recorded from the small intestine and was observed to propagate aborally at a speed that declined with distance from the pylorus (range of speeds of the front of phase 3: 17.5 cm/min in the duodenum to 4.1 cm/min in the ileum). The complex was not disrupted by feeding but occurred less frequently in the freely fed state (82-min cycle period in the fasted state versus 139 min in the fed state). The complex started in the duodenum and was accompanied by a brief (6.3 +/- 0.9 min) period of inhibition of antral myoelectric activity. Slow waves were also recorded from the gastric antrum (10.3 +/- 1.3/min) and the small intestine. The frequency of intestinal slow waves was uniform along the length of the bowel (26.2 +/- 1.3/min in the duodenum to 24.7 +/- 1.3/min in the ileum). It is concluded that the guinea pig is similar to other mammalian species, so far examined, in its pattern of gastrointestinal myoelectric activity.

scholarly journals Effect of solvent fractions of crude extract of Liushenqu on gastrointestinal motility in guinea pigs, and the underlying mechanism(s)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1089-1094
Author(s):  
Hongling Zhang ◽  
Hairong Zeng ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Yi Qin ◽  
Qinwan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Effect Of Solvent

Purpose: To study the effect of solvent fractions of the crude extract of liushenqu on gastrointestinal motility in guinea pigs, and the mechanism of action. Methods: The effects of solvent fractions of crude extract of liushenqu (LSQ) on receptors in guinea pig isolated small intestinal cells were determined by treatment with different receptor blockers, including diphenhydramine (0.067 mg/mL), atropine sulfate (0.064 mg/mL), propranolol hydrochloride (0.033mg/mL), phentolamine mesylate (0.04mg/mL) and ondansetron hydrochloride (0.048mg/mL), to investigate the possible pharmacological mechanism of action. Results: There was no significant change in the maximum amplitude of muscle tension before and after administration in the control group, petroleum ether fraction group, and dichlormethane fraction group, while muscle tension in the 95 % ethanol and n-butanol fractions significantly increased (p < 0.01). The mean changes in tension were significantly different from that of control group (p < 0.01), but ethyl acetate fraction showed significant intestinal muscle inhibition (p < 0.01). Addition of LSQ did not alleviate the inhibition caused by diphenhydramine, but it significantly reversed the inhibition caused by blockers of cholinergic muscarinic receptor, adrenergic alpha- and beta- receptors, and 5-HT receptor (p < 0.01). Conclusion: These results indicate that n-butanol fraction is the most effective bioactive fraction of LSQ, while ethyl acetate fraction has the opposite effect. In addition, its mechanism of action is related to increase in the amplitude of small intestine smooth muscle contraction and acceleration of small intestine peristalsis.

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