scholarly journals The effects of various drugs on the cortically applied epinephrine pressor response and contraction of the nictitating membrane

1963 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-157
Author(s):  
Hiroto KOIZUMI
Keyword(s):  
Pressor Response ◽  
Nictitating Membrane

Analysis of the central vasomotor effects of (−)-N-(1-phenylethyl)guanidine, a new adrenergic neuron blocking agent

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 725-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Bapat ◽  
B. N. Dhawan ◽  
R. C. Srimal
Keyword(s):  
Pressor Response ◽  
Intrathecal Injection ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
Peak Effect ◽  
Nictitating Membrane ◽  
Adrenergic Neuron ◽  
Vasomotor Center ◽  
Spinal Compression ◽  
Nictitating Membrane Response ◽  
Stimulation Of

Central vasomotor effects of (−)-N-(1-phenylethyl)guanidine, a potent adrenergic neuron blocking agent, were studied. The compound was localized in the central sites by intracerebroventricular injection, topical application on the vasomotor center, intra-arterial (vertebral) injection, and intrathecal injection. It potentiated the carotid occlusion response, response to anoxia, spinal compression vasomotor response, and the threshold and optimal vasomotor responses to direct electrical stimulation of the medullary vasomotor center without affecting the peripheral norepinephrine pressor response and the nictitating membrane response. The peak effect was obtained in 15–20 min, and recovery occurred in 80–90 min. The compound probably made catecholamines unavailable to the vasomotor neurons, making them more excitable.

The ganglionic blocking properties of the cholinesterase reactivator, HS-6

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Lundy
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Vagal Stimulation ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Pressor Effect ◽  
Nictitating Membrane ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Depressor Effect ◽  
Ganglionic Blocking ◽  
Cholinesterase Reactivator

Following intravenous administration of the cholinesterase reactivator HS-6 (30 mg/kg), blood pressure fell (up to 50 mmHg) and maximal blood levels of HS-6 reached 242 μg/ml. HS-6 attenuated the pressor response resulting from carotid occlusion and the depressor effect of vagal stimulation. Doses of HS-6 below those used to protect against soman in different animal species (10–30 μmol/kg) progressively blocked the ganglion-stimulating effects of nicotine and dimethylphenylpiperazinium but not the pressor effect following adrenaline, a pattern similar to that produced by hexamethonium but only [Formula: see text] as potent. HS-6, like hexamethonium and mecamylamine, progressively blocked the contraction of the nictitating membrane of the cat resulting from preganglionic stimulation.The results indicate that HS-6 possesses ganglion-blocking properties at doses likely to be used in the protection against soman poisoning. The ganglion-blocking properties of the drug may be a factor in the beneficial effects of HS-6.

US Locus: Interaction with ISI Shift in Rabbit Nictitating Membrane Conditioning

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Ronald Salafia ◽  
Linda J. Martino ◽  
Kim Cloutman ◽  
Anthony G. Romano
Keyword(s):  
Nictitating Membrane

Pregabalin As A Premedicant To Attenuate Pressor Response In Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3418-3423
Author(s):  
Sweety Agrawal ◽  
Shubdha Bhagat ◽  
Pratibha Deshmukh ◽  
Amol Singham
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Co2 Insufflation ◽  
Ramsay Sedation Scale ◽  
Minute Interval ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Induction Of Anaesthesia

The present study was done to evaluate the ability of oral pregabalin to attenuate the pressor response to airway instrumentation in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. Sixty-four adult patients aged between 25-55 year of either gender belonging to ASA-1 or ASA2 physical status weighing 50-70 kg were enrolled in this study. Thirty-two patients each were randomized to group A, or group B. Patients in group A received tablet Pregabalin (150mg) and those in group B received placebo orally one hour before induction of anaesthesia. Heart rate, blood pressure, and sedation were assessed preoperatively before giving the tablets and after 30 minutes, and just before induction of anaesthesia. Intraoperative, pulse rate, mean arterial pressure, ECG in the lead II, SPO2 and ETCO2 were monitored. All the above parameters were noted during laryngoscopy and intubation, 3 minutes after CO2 insufflation, and then at every 10-minute interval till the end of surgery. These parameters were also recorded after extubating the patient. The Ramsay sedation scale was used to assess the sedation at the baseline, one hour after drug intake , one hour after extubation and 4 hour after surgery. Any adverse effects in the postoperative period were recorded. The result of our study shows that pre-emptive administration of oral pregabalin 150 mg significantly reduced the pressor response at the time of laryngoscopy and intubation, after CO2 insufflation and just after extubation. We conclude that oral pregabalin premedication is effective in successful attenuation of hemodynamic pressor response to laryngoscopy, intubation and pneumoperitoneum in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

scholarly journals Nifedipine prevents the pressor response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation in patients with coronary artery disease

Anaesthesia ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 495-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.C. Kale ◽  
R.P. Mahajan ◽  
T.S. Jayalakshami ◽  
V. Raghavan ◽  
B. Das
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Tracheal Intubation ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Artery Disease

scholarly journals Supraspinal fatigue impedes recovery from a low-intensity sustained contraction in old adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 849-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tejin Yoon ◽  
Bonnie Schlinder-Delap ◽  
Manda L. Keller ◽  
Sandra K. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Motor Evoked Potential ◽  
Silent Period ◽  
Voluntary Activation ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Task Failure ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Sustained Contraction ◽  
Low Intensity

This study determined the contribution of supraspinal fatigue and contractile properties to the age difference in neuromuscular fatigue during and recovery from a low-intensity sustained contraction. Cortical stimulation was used to evoke measures of voluntary activation and muscle relaxation during and after a contraction sustained at 20% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) until task failure with elbow flexor muscles in 14 young adults (20.9 ± 3.6 yr, 7 men) and 14 old adults (71.6 ± 5.4 yr, 7 men). Old adults exhibited a longer time to task failure than the young adults (23.8 ± 9.0 vs. 11.5 ± 3.9 min, respectively, P < 0.001). The time to failure was associated with initial peak rates of relaxation of muscle fibers and pressor response ( P < 0.05). Increments in torque (superimposed twitch; SIT) generated by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) during brief MVCs, increased during the fatiguing contraction ( P < 0.001) and then decreased during recovery ( P = 0.02). The increase in the SIT was greater for the old adults than the young adults during the fatiguing contraction and recovery ( P < 0.05). Recovery of MVC torque was less for old than young adults at 10 min post-fatiguing contraction (75.1 ± 8.7 vs. 83.6 ± 7.8% of control MVC, respectively, P = 0.01) and was associated with the recovery of the SIT ( r = −0.59, r2 = 0.35, P < 0.001). Motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude and the silent period elicited during the fatiguing contraction increased less for old adults than young adults ( P < 0.05). The greater fatigue resistance with age during a low-intensity sustained contraction was attributable to mechanisms located within the muscle. Recovery of maximal strength after the low-intensity fatiguing contraction however, was impeded more for old adults than young because of greater supraspinal fatigue. Recovery of strength could be an important variable to consider in exercise prescription of old populations.

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