Correlations of Vapour–Liquid Critical Point Parameters of Alkali Metals

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1415-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balasubramanian Ramasamy
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Alkali Metals

An assessment of the melting, boiling, and critical point data of the alkali metals

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 1407-1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Ohse ◽  
J.-F. Babelot ◽  
J. Magill ◽  
M. Tetenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Point Data

An Assessment of the Melting, Boiling, and Critical Point Data of the Alkali Metals

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Ohse ◽  
J.-F. Babelot ◽  
J. Magill ◽  
M. Tetenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Point Data

On the critical point of the alkali metals

1974 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1333-1335 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Alkali Metals

FLUID ALKALI METALS IN THE LIQUID-VAPOUR CRITICAL REGION

1992 ◽  
Vol 06 (23n24) ◽  
pp. 3709-3719 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Hensel ◽  
W.-C. Pilgrim
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Critical Region ◽  
Electronic Structures ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
State Dependence ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Dynamic Features ◽  
Thermodynamic State ◽  
Dense Liquid ◽  
Nonmetal Transition

Fluid alkali metals are typical examples of materials whose electronic structures depend strongly on the thermodynamic state of the system. The most striking manifestation of this state dependence is the metal-nonmetal transition which occurs when the dense liquid evaporates to the dilute vapour or when the fluid is expanded by heating to its liquid-vapour critical point. Experimental results for fluid cesium and rubidium in the critical region show that the very existence of this transition noticeably influences the electronic, thermodynamic, structural and dynamic features of fluid metals.

The Critical Point Drying Method Applied to Scanning Electron Microscopy of L-929 Cells

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 278-279
Author(s):  
Charles TurnbiLL ◽  
Delbert E. Philpott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Scanning Electron

The advent of the scanning electron microscope (SCEM) has renewed interest in preparing specimens by avoiding the forces of surface tension. The present method of freeze drying by Boyde and Barger (1969) and Small and Marszalek (1969) does prevent surface tension but ice crystal formation and time required for pumping out the specimen to dryness has discouraged us. We believe an attractive alternative to freeze drying is the critical point method originated by Anderson (1951; for electron microscopy. He avoided surface tension effects during drying by first exchanging the specimen water with alcohol, amy L acetate and then with carbon dioxide. He then selected a specific temperature (36.5°C) and pressure (72 Atm.) at which carbon dioxide would pass from the liquid to the gaseous phase without the effect of surface tension This combination of temperature and, pressure is known as the "critical point" of the Liquid.

SEM Cold Stage Techniques for the Observation of Vegetative and Floral Apices of Oat (Avena sativa L.) Plants

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 590-591
Author(s):  
B. K. Kirchoff ◽  
L.F. Allard ◽  
W.C. Bigelow
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Cold Stage ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Cell Collapse ◽  
Conductive Paint ◽  
Carbon Based

In attempting to use the SEM to investigate the transition from the vegetative to the floral state in oat (Avena sativa L.) it was discovered that the procedures of fixation and critical point drying (CPD), and fresh tissue examination of the specimens gave unsatisfactory results. In most cases, by using these techniques, cells of the tissue were collapsed or otherwise visibly distorted. Figure 1 shows the results of fixation with 4.5% formaldehyde-gluteraldehyde followed by CPD. Almost all cellular detail has been obscured by the resulting shrinkage distortions. The larger cracks seen on the left of the picture may be due to dissection damage, rather than CPD. The results of observation of fresh tissue are seen in Fig. 2. Although there is a substantial improvement over CPD, some cell collapse still occurs.Due to these difficulties, it was decided to experiment with cold stage techniques. The specimens to be observed were dissected out and attached to the sample stub using a carbon based conductive paint in acetone.

The Effects of Drying Techniques on Clay-Rich Soil Texture

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 466-467
Author(s):  
T. G. Naymik
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen Temperature ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Quartz Grains

Three techniques were incorporated for drying clay-rich specimens: air-drying, freeze-drying and critical point drying. In air-drying, the specimens were set out for several days to dry or were placed in an oven (80°F) for several hours. The freeze-dried specimens were frozen by immersion in liquid nitrogen or in isopentane at near liquid nitrogen temperature and then were immediately placed in the freeze-dry vacuum chamber. The critical point specimens were molded in agar immediately after sampling. When the agar had set up the dehydration series, water-alcohol-amyl acetate-CO2 was carried out. The objectives were to compare the fabric plasmas (clays and precipitates), fabricskeletons (quartz grains) and the relationship between them for each drying technique. The three drying methods are not only applicable to the study of treated soils, but can be incorporated into all SEM clay soil studies.

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