scholarly journals Pollution prevention by minimizing waste generation in a chemical production process.

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Akehata
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Chemical Production

Development of simulation system to combine production process and wastewater treatment: calibration of bleached kraft process model through dissolved organic matter in fibreline

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Antero Luonsi ◽  
Sakari Halttunen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Complete Degradation ◽  
Kraft Process ◽  
Degree Of Oxidation ◽  
Activated Sludge Processes

Simulation models for bleached kraft and activated sludge processes are being developed to be used simultaneously for integrated pollution prevention and control (IPPC). In this paper, only the simulation model (modified PROCELL) calibration for bleached kraft process is discussed. The simulation model was calibrated with dissolved organic matter (DOM) using dissolved volatile solids (DVS) values and operational information of a mill. Calibrated DOM in carryover and filtrate throughout the fibreline differed by 10% or less from the measured values in the mill. Complete degradation of DOM to inorganics within the production process is required to make the organic matter balance complete. In the calibrated fibreline, complete degradation of DOM proved to be of the same magnitude as the DOM load from bleaching filtrates (D0 and E1). Complete balance evaluation facilitates the control of the fate of DOM. Data analyzing procedure was developed to determine the basic structure of the DOM (CaHbONc). The information of conventional analyses of DOM such as organic carbon (DOC), DVS and chemical oxygen demand (DCODCr) was developed to elucidate the basic structure of DOM. The degree of oxidation is one feature derived from the structure of DOM. The degree of oxidation seemed to be less in the filtrate than in the carryover in the alkaline stages, while the reverse was occurred in the acid stages.

Statistical analysis of catalyst degradation in a semi-continuous chemical production process

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 665-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleftherios Kaskavelis ◽  
Elaine Martin ◽  
Philip Jonathan ◽  
Julian Morris
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Continuous Chemical

Part V Subject Matter, Ch.33 Hazardous Substances and Activities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wirth David A ◽  
Sachs Noah M
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Industrial Accidents ◽  
Public Health Risks ◽  
Chemical Hazards ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
International Instruments

This chapter analyses the enormous scope of international instruments addressing hazardous substances and activities by assessing both the regulatory junctures and the specific strategies that governments rely upon to reduce risk. It begins with the challenge of identifying which substances are hazardous to human health or the environment (risk assessment) and then discusses the major treaties that regulate chemical hazards (risk management). The chapter also examines treaties and other international instruments governing chemical production, use, labelling, and disposal as well as those governing industrial accidents. It concludes with a discussion of instruments designed to promote pollution prevention and toxics use reduction. Presently there is no single, overarching international framework for addressing environmental and public health risks from hazardous substances and activities.

Waste minimization and nitrocellulose fines removal at an ammunition plant

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barney G. Fullington ◽  
Jim K. Park ◽  
Byung J. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Waste Minimization ◽  
Micron Size ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Existing Data

The Radford Army Ammunition Plant (RAAP) produces nitrocellulose (NC) as a major ingredient in tank and artillery ammunition propellant. Through the process of NC production, wastewater is generated which contains large quantities of NC in the micron and sub-micron size range. These suspended and colloidal particles are collectively called NC fines. Under the impetus of a proposed Ammunition Procurement and Supply Agency suspended solids effluent limit of 25 mg/l and a greater emphasis on pollution prevention, significant research has been conducted into the areas of waste minimization and NC fine removal at the RAAP. One aspect of the current research involved a field study at the RAAP. The purpose of the field study was to inspect and discuss the entire NC production process with the operators, foremen, and NC production supervisor. With the information collected at the RAAP, it was possible to propose several waste minimization schemes and NC fines removal alternatives. From existing data, it was calculated that the proposed pollution prevention ideas could save the RAAP approximately $1,500,000 annually.

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