Transesterification of Used Vegetable Oil by Magnesium Slag as Heterogeneous Catalyst (MgO^|^#8211;CaO/Al2O3)

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 850-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eilhann E. Kwon ◽  
Haakrho Yi ◽  
Jongseok Park
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Used Vegetable Oil

scholarly journals DESIGN OF A MOBILE BIO-DIESEL PRODUCTION FACILITY

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Drake ◽  
M. Jacques ◽  
D. Binkley ◽  
S. Barghi ◽  
R. O. Buchal
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Vacuum Filter ◽  
Production Facility ◽  
Operational Life ◽  
Used Vegetable Oil ◽  
Diesel Production

In 2004/2005, a team of mechanical engineering students undertook an interdisciplinary capstone design project to design a mobile bio-diesel production facility capable of converting 500 L/h of used vegetable oil or animal tallow into bio-diesel fuel. Bio-diesel fuel has negligible sulfur content and significantly reduces the emission of particulate matter, e.g. soot and carbon monoxide, compared to the combustion of conventional diesel fuel. Furthermore, bio-diesel fuel is biodegradable, nontoxic, and can be produced from renewable feedstock. The mobile facility is capable of taking used vegetable oil from different sources and processing the oil while in motion, eliminating costs associated with transportation, land use and construction. A special filter was designed to remove any major particulate matter as well as wax-like substances formed by heating of the cooking oil during its operational life. A rotary vacuum filter was designed to continuously of remove wax and solid particles accumulated on the filter cloth. The wax and solid wastes, which are organic compounds, are readily converted to useful light organic molecules through a subsequent gasification process. A transesterification process was applied using methanol as a solvent and sodium hydroxide as a catalyst. A mix of unrefined bio-diesel fuel and glycerol, which is produced by transestrification, is sent to a glycerol separating tower. The separator was designed to efficiently separate bio-diesel fuel from glycerol. The bio-diesel fuel is neutralized by weak acid solution and washed by water to remove impurities. High-speed mixers were designed to create maximum contact between phases for efficient separation. The mobile facility is subject to vibration, which was considered in every aspect of the design. The facility will be powered by bio-diesel fuel, and heat recovery and water recycling were considered to minimize energy requirements. The project culminated in a final design report containing detailed engineering analysis and a comprehensive set of working drawings.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production and Characterization from Used Vegetable Oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-542
Author(s):  
C.A. Odega ◽  
G.T. Anguruwa ◽  
C.O. Fakorede
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Cloud Point ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Used Vegetable Oil

Biodiesel is a fuel produced from renewable resources; it is a clean alternative fuel, which has drawn the attention of energy researchers for the last two decades due to the disturbing effect of climate change caused by diesel fuel. This paper focuses on showcasing the qualities of biodiesel produced from used vegetable oil and the positive impact on the alarming change in climate today. This paper presents an experimental investigation on production of biodiesel from used vegetable oil (UVO) gotten from a road side bean cake (akara) seller. The oil that was intended to be thrown out was de-odoured and filtered to remove impurities. The filtered oil was then used for biodiesel production and characterized with physical and fuel properties such as density, viscosity, cloud point, refractive index, specific gravity, ash content, moisture content, flash point and cloud point. The results obtained were afterwards compared to ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) and EN (Europe’s) international standards. Two biodiesels samples were produced at different temperatures but the same timings. The biodiesel were produced at 700C at 40mins (biodiesel A) and 1000C at 40mins (biodiesel B) with values of specific gravity (0.98 kg/m3; 0.90 kg/m3), density (936kg/m3; 882kg/m3), kinematic viscosity (1.5mm/s2; 5.5 mm/s2), cloud point (150C; 20C), flash point (2600C min; 2000C min), moisture content (0.07%; 0.04%), refractive index (1.4609; 1.4398) and ash point (0.24%; 0.01%) respectively. On comparison, biodiesel A couldn’t match up to the international standards while biodiesel matched up to the standards given.

scholarly journals THE USE OF NANOSCALE ZINC OXIDE IN WOOD-BASED COMPOSITIONS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Neminushchaya ◽  
E. Tomina ◽  
A. Dmitrenkov
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Natural Wood ◽  
Oxide Particles ◽  
Used Vegetable Oil ◽  
20 Nm

The aim of this work was to study compositions based on vegetable oil waste and nanoscale zinc oxide particles for processing natural wood. The sol-gel method was used for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles. The synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles did not contain impurities and had a shape close to spherical, and their size did not exceed 20 nm. We used freshly prepared suspensions of zinc oxide nanoparticles in used vegetable oil with their content in the amount of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 wt. parts per 100 parts of oil. The wood was treated by hot-cold impregnation. The tests were carried out on samples of birch and pine wood of standard sizes. In the modified samples, the wetting angle, moisture and water absorption, as well as their swelling were determined. It is shown that the use of zinc oxide nanoparticles in compositions based on vegetable oil waste can significantly reduce the moisture and water resistance of wood and reduce its swelling. The optimal dosages of the nanopowder introduced into the used vegetable oil and the conditions of impregnation were selected. The compositions used on the basis of vegetable oil waste are characterized by environmental safety, and the resulting wood samples had an improved appearance.

Biodiesel Production from Used Vegetable Oil Using Ethanol and Sodium Methoxide Catalyst

2016 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 551-555
Author(s):  
Sureerat Namwong ◽  
Vittaya Punsuvon
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Sodium Methoxide ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Used Vegetable Oil

Biodiesel is derived from triglycerides by transesterification with methanol or ethanol. In this study, used vegetable oil was transesterified with ethanol using sodium methoxide as catalyst. Parameter affecting the process transesterification were investigated follow this detail. The effects of catalyst to oil volume ratio (3-7:100 %v/v), ethanol to oil volume ratio (20-40:100 %v/v), reaction temperature (55-70 °C) and reaction time (15-90 min.) on the percentage conversion of fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The FAEE and FAME conversion were detected by 1H-NMR. The result showed that the maximum percentages at 84 % of FAEE and 16 % of FAME were obtained. These conversions were obtained at the catalyst to oil volume ratio of 4:100 %v/v, ethanol to oil volume ratio of 35:100 %v/v, temperature of 65 °C and reaction time of 75 min. The properties of mixed FAEE and FAME biodiesel were within the limits of EN standard. The confirmation result by 1H-NMR and ATR-FTIR also indicated the conversion of used vegetable oil into biodiesel.

Effects of Compression Ratio on Performance and Emission of Internal Combustion Engine with Used Vegetable Oil Methyl Easter

2013 ◽  
Vol 768 ◽  
pp. 250-254
Author(s):  
N. Balakrishnan ◽  
K. Mayilsamy ◽  
N. Nedunchezhian
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Used Vegetable Oil

Biomass derived vegetable oil is a promising alternative fuel for an internal combustion engine. Direct use of vegetable oil has inferior performance with higher emission due to its higher viscous in nature. This can be overcome by transesterification process with its byproduct which is called as used vegetable oil methyl ester. While blending this biodiesel with fossil diesel upto maximum of 30:70, will give the higher performance and lower emission than the fossil diesel alone. In this present study biodiesel in the form of B23 is used in a four stroke water cooled variable compression ratio engine without any modifications. The performance and emission characteristics are studied with different compression ratio and compared with a base line fossil diesel mode operation. This study reveals that the compression ratio of 18 is the optimum in the view of ignition delay, maximum pressure crank angle, exhaust gas temperature and Smoke emission.

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