scholarly journals Nicotine, Tar, and Mutagenicity of Mainstream Smoke Generated by Machine Smoking with International Organization for Standardization and Health Canada Intense Regimens of Major Japanese Cigarette Brands

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Endo ◽  
Mariko Matsumoto ◽  
Yohei Inaba ◽  
Kazutoshi Sugita ◽  
Daisuke Nakajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Organization ◽  
Mainstream Smoke ◽  
International Organization For Standardization ◽  
Health Canada

scholarly journals Selected Constituent Yield Variation in the Smoke of Commercial Cigarette Brands on the Japanese Market

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 208-223
Author(s):  
Takatsugu Hyodo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Japanese Market ◽  
Yield Variation ◽  
International Organization For Standardization ◽  
Cigarette Manufacturing ◽  
Health Canada

Summary This study focused on the variation in the yields of constituents in smoke from commercial cigarette brands available on the Japanese market. Nineteen commercial cigarette brands were sampled five times every two months from 2009 to 2010. The target constituents were benzo[a]-pyrene, 1,3-butadiene, benzene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), carbon monoxide, “tar”, and nicotine. The results of this study showed that the coefficient of variation (CV) values varied greatly by brands, constituents, and smoking regimes. The yields of NNN and NNK in the smoke were strongly correlated to their yields in the tobacco filler blend for most brands. The yields of benzo[a]pyrene under the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the Health Canada Intense (HCI) smoking regimes and 1,3-butadiene under the HCI smoking regime were found to be influenced by the measurement. It was shown that factors for variation were highly varied among constituents. The grand mean of CV values for NNN and formaldehyde associated with cigarette manufacturing over ten months and measurement at the JT laboratory under the HCI smoking regimes were 17.1% and 6.6% respectively. The grand mean of CV values for NNN and formaldehyde associated with both cigarette manufacturing over ten months and measurement at different laboratories under the HCI smoking regimes were 23.7% and 22.9% respectively. This is due to the fact that formaldehyde showed the highest CV values for reproducibility among the constituents. Thus, in order to set realistic and robust confidence intervals, it is very important to take into account the variations associated with cigarette manufacturing and measurement within and between laboratories.

scholarly journals Inter-Laboratory Reproducibility and Interchangeability of 3R4F and 1R6F Reference Cigarettes in Mainstream Smoke Chemical Analysis and In Vitro Toxicity Assays

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-135
Author(s):  
Yuka Sakai ◽  
Sakura Mori ◽  
Miyuki Yanagimachi ◽  
Tomohiro Takahashi ◽  
Kaori Shibuya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
International Organization ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Health Canada ◽  
Development Center ◽  
Insight Into

Summary A new reference cigarette, 1R6F, produced by the Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, has been manufactured as a substitute for the 3R4F reference cigarette because of a depletion of 3R4F stock. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the interchangeability of 1R6F and 3R4F by comparing the chemical and biological characteristics of the mainstream smoke and to assess the inter-laboratory reproducibility by comparing the results obtained in the current study with a previous report. We analyzed 45 priority chemicals required by Health Canada for regulatory reporting and assessed the toxicological effects of cigarette smoke using in vitro standard toxicological assays recommended by the Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco (CORESTA) under the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard and intense smoking regimens. The results of the chemical analysis and standard toxicological assays showed a good inter-laboratory reproducibility for 1R6F as a reference cigarette, while there were some slight reproducible differences between 1R6F and 3R4F. In addition, we investigated the interchangeability of 1R6F with 3R4F in some additional toxicological assays that detect oxidative stress because oxidative stress is a principle endpoint used in tobacco research with next generation tobacco and nicotine delivery products (NGPs). Both 1R6F and 3R4F elicited comparable responses in the oxidative stress assays. Overall, our results showed inter-laboratory reproducibility in chemical and standard toxicological assessments of 1R6F; thus, suggesting the suitability of 1R6F as a reference cigarette. In addition, the results obtained in the oxidative stress assays provide insight into the interchangeability of 1R6F with 3R4F when used as a comparator for NGPs.

SOLUÇÃO DE PROBLEMAS NA ASSOCIAÇÃO COMERCIAL E INDUSTRIAL DE ANÁPOLIS COM O USO DA NBR ISO: 9001

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-42
Author(s):  
Keliany Marçal Silva ◽  
Juliana Luíza Moreira Del Fiaco
Keyword(s):  
International Organization ◽  
Iso 9001 ◽  
International Organization For Standardization

A implantação das normas aplicadas pela ISO (International Organization for Standardization) pode ser benéfica ou não para as organizações, dependendo da forma como são aplicadas. Este artigo fruto de pesquisa analisou se a Associação Comercial e Industrial de Anápolis (ACIA) aplicou bem o Sistema de Gestão da Qualidade (SGQ) e assim teve como objetivo geral identificar possíveis prós e contras da implantação da ISO no trabalho cotidiano dos seus colaboradores internos, e por, objetivos específicos: relatar como os colaboradores da ACIA entendem e utilizam a ISO; caracterizar as melhorias no trabalho interno dos colaboradores pós implantação do SGQ e avaliar as melhorias que o SGQ provocou na instituição. Para atingir tais metas, realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva, explicativa e bibliográfica, sendo necessário entrevistar os colaboradores por meio de aplicação de questionários para 22 sujeitos da pesquisa, que revelaram conforme os resultados apresentados a seguir, que estes não veem a participação necessária da gestão nos quesitos relacionados à NBR ISO:9001 que está implantada na empresa e precisa de manutenção constante, porém, acreditam que quando bem controlado, o sistema pode gerar economicidade, organização e padronização, sendo benéfico para o trabalho rotineiro.

International Ergonomics Standards—Making Professional Inputs

1978 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 425-425
Author(s):  
John V. Fechter
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Personal Safety ◽  
International Organization For Standardization

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has many different committees, each devoted to a particular standards making area. Three committees of special interest to members of the Human Factors Society are: TC73 - Consumer Questions TC94 - Personal Safety, and TC159 - Ergonomics.

Robustness of HPHC Reduction in THS 2.2 Aerosol Relative to 3R4F Reference Cigarette Smoke under Extreme Climatic Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-126
Author(s):  
Laurent Poget ◽  
Catherine Goujon ◽  
Samuel Kleinhans ◽  
Serge Maeder ◽  
Jean-Pierre Schaller
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Puff Volume ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Health Canada

Summary In order to assess robustness for the reduction of harmful and potentially harmful constituent (HPHC) levels generated by the Tobacco Heating System 2.2 (THS 2.2), a heated tobacco product, we compared the aerosol of this product with mainstream smoke from the 3R4F reference cigarette under different conditions of temperature and humidity. The desired climatic conditions were achieved by using an air-conditioning system coupled with the smoking-machine housing. Two extreme climatic conditions were selected, representing a “Hot and Dry” climate (30 °C and 35% relative humidity RH) and a “Hot and Very Humid” climate (30 °C and 75% RH). In addition, aerosol and smoke were generated using the standard conditions recognized for smoking-machine analyses of tobacco products (22 °C and 60% RH), which were close to the climatic conditions defined for “Subtropical and Mediterranean” environments (25 °C and 60% RH). The experimental conditions were chosen to simulate the use of THS 2.2 and cigarettes under extreme conditions of temperature and humidity. HeatSticks and cigarettes taken from freshly opened packs were subjected to short-term conditioning from two to a few more days under the same experimental conditions. We analyzed 54 HPHCs in THS 2.2 aerosol and 3R4F cigarette smoke, generated in accordance with the Health Canada Intense (HCI) standard, using modified temperature and humidity conditions for sample conditioning and machine-smoking experiments. We used a volume-adjusted approach for comparing HPHC reductions across the different climatic conditions investigated. Although a single puffing regimen was used, the total puff volume recorded for the 3R4F cigarette smoke varied due to the influence of temperature and humidity on combustion rate, which justified the use of a volume-adjusted approach. Volume-adjusted yields were derived from HPHC yields expressed in mass-per-tobacco stick normalized per total puff volume. The results indicated that, regardless of the considered climatic conditions, the HPHC levels investigated in THS 2.2 aerosol were reduced by at least 90%, on average, when compared with the concentrations in 3R4F cigarette mainstream smoke. This confirmed the robustness in performance for THS 2.2 to deliver reduced levels of HPHCs under the extreme climatic conditions investigated in this study. In order to further characterize the robustness of these reductions, the lowest reduction performance achieved for individual HPHCs across all climatic conditions was used to define the threshold for a robust reduction. The majority of the 54 HPHCs investigated in THS 2.2 aerosol showed more than 90% reduction. Calculations derived from nicotine-adjusted yields also confirmed robust reductions for all investigated HPHCs. The small differences in absolute reduction between the volume- and nicotine-adjusted approaches were predominantly attributed to a combination of the differences in both nominal nicotine deliveries and total puff volumes between THS 2.2 and 3R4F cigarettes; however, this did not influence the determination of robustness. Our findings confirm the value of this approach for assessing the robustness of a product’s performance under different climatic conditions.

Warning symbology

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin Adams ◽  
Theo Boersema ◽  
Meijer Mijksenaar
Keyword(s):  
Public Information ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Iso Standards ◽  
International Organization For Standardization ◽  
Single Part

Symbol signs ­– signs without words – are often used to communicate safety or public information messages. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) provides standards ISO 3864-1 and ISO 3864-3 giving design principles for both graphical symbols and completed signs in the safety arena. The present study shows that for difficult signage circumstances a two-part sign, showing the desired and undesired circumstances with a tick and a cross, can be much more effective than the normal single-part sign provided for by these ISO standards. The present study also suggests that ISO’s sign assessment methods could be efficiently combined and simplified.

scholarly journals Miejsce oceny cyklu życia w systemie zarządzania środowiskowego

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-77
Author(s):  
Izabela Samson-Bręk ◽  
Aleksandra Filip
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Management System ◽  
Environmental Management System ◽  
International Organization ◽  
International Organization For Standardization ◽  
Iso 14000 ◽  
Environmental Life Cycle Assessment

This publication was presented characteristics of the environmental life cycle assessment LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) as one of the methods included in the environmental management system (EMAS). Discusses also the various stages of analysis and guidance on the principles of its preparation regulated by the ISO 14000 standards (International Organization for Standardization), as well as paid attention to the key elements which determine the outcome of the assessments.

scholarly journals INFORMASI ISO PADA KARYAWAN PT. TEGNOLABINDO DALAM UPAYA MENGEMBANGKAN SDM YANG BAIK PADA PERUSAHAAN

DEDIKASI PKM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Aria Aji Priyanto ◽  
Ali Zaenal Abidin ◽  
Gina Fauziah ◽  
Heri Saputra ◽  
Juwita Ramadani
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Community Service ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Iso 9001 ◽  
Personal Evaluation ◽  
International Organization For Standardization ◽  
Service Activities ◽  
Question And Answer

The purpose of community service activities is to provide information about ISO (International Organization for Standardization) to the employees of PT. Tegnolabindo in developing good human resources at the company. The method of service is the method of seminar, discussion and question and answer as well as personal evaluation. The ISO material presented is ISO 9001: 2015. The results of information activities about ISO (International Organization for Standardization) to employees of PT. Tegnolabindo, employees are expected to have knowledge about ISO and how it is implemented. Furthermore, in order to be applied in the company, especially in improving good human resources in the company.Keywords: ISO, Human Resources

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