scholarly journals Measurement of Carbon Monoxide in Exhaled Breath as a Possible Marker of Stress

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayami Nitta ◽  
Maki Kinoyama ◽  
Akiharu Watanabe ◽  
Yoshiaki Fujita ◽  
Hideo Ueda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Exhaled Breath

Effects of ventilation on the collection of exhaled breath in humans

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 1371-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keary A. Cope ◽  
Michael T. Watson ◽  
W. Michael Foster ◽  
Shelley S. Sehnert ◽  
Terence H. Risby
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Sulfur Containing

A computerized system has been developed to monitor tidal volume, respiration rate, mouth pressure, and carbon dioxide during breath collection. This system was used to investigate variability in the production of breath biomarkers over an 8-h period. Hyperventilation occurred when breath was collected from spontaneously breathing study subjects ( n = 8). Therefore, breath samples were collected from study subjects whose breathing were paced at a respiration rate of 10 breaths/min and whose tidal volumes were gauged according to body mass. In this “paced breathing” group ( n = 16), end-tidal concentrations of isoprene and ethane correlated with end-tidal carbon dioxide levels [Spearman's rank correlation test ( rs) = 0.64, P = 0.008 and rs = 0.50, P = 0.05, respectively]. Ethane also correlated with heart rate ( rs = 0.52, P < 0.05). There was an inverse correlation between transcutaneous pulse oximetry and exhaled carbon monoxide ( rs = -0.64, P = 0.008). Significant differences were identified between men ( n = 8) and women ( n = 8) in the concentrations of carbon monoxide (4 parts per million in men vs. 3 parts per million in women; P = 0.01) and volatile sulfur-containing compounds (134 parts per billion in men vs. 95 parts per billion in women; P = 0.016). There was a peak in ethanol concentration directly after food consumption and a significant decrease in ethanol concentration 2 h later ( P = 0.01; n = 16). Sulfur-containing molecules increased linearly throughout the study period (β = 7.4, P < 0.003). Ventilation patterns strongly influence quantification of volatile analytes in exhaled breath and thus, accordingly, the breathing pattern should be controlled to ensure representative analyses.

scholarly journals Elevated Carbon Monoxide in the Exhaled Breath of Mice during a Systemic Bacterial Infection

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e69802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan G. Barbour ◽  
Charlotte M. Hirsch ◽  
Arash Ghalyanchi Langeroudi ◽  
Simone Meinardi ◽  
Eric R. G. Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Systemic Bacterial Infection

Application of End-Exhaled Breath Monitoring to Assess Carbon Monoxide Exposures of Wildland Firefighters at Prescribed Burns

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin H. Dunn ◽  
Isabelle Devaux ◽  
Allison Stock ◽  
Luke P. Naeher
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Prescribed Burns ◽  
Breath Monitoring

scholarly journals Elevated End-Tidal Carbon Monoxide Concentration in Children with Sickle Cell Anemia

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 1390-1390
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Lal ◽  
Kristen Yen ◽  
Lasandra Patterson ◽  
Alisa Goldrich ◽  
Anne M Marsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Anemia ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
The Mean ◽  
End Tidal

Abstract Background: Carbon monoxide (CO) produced during oxygen-dependent cleavage of porphyrin ring of heme is excreted in exhaled breath. The catabolism of heme is increased when red blood cells are destroyed at an accelerated rate. Thus, quantifying CO in exhaled breath could serve as an indicator of hemolysis. However, the requirement for forced breath sample has limited the measurement of exhaled CO in young children. Objective: To assess end-tidal CO concentration (ETCOc) in children with sickle cell anemia (SCA). Design/Methods: ETCOc was measured using the CoSense ETCO Monitor (Capnia Inc. Palo Alto, CA). Children between 5-14 years with SCA (Hb SS) who were not on chronic transfusions were eligible. Healthy children served as age-matched controls. Children with exposure to second-hand smoke, acute respiratory infection or symptomatic asthma were excluded. End-tidal breath samples were collected by placing the tip of a nasal cannula 5 mm into the nares. Up to 3 measurements were taken for each subject and the highest ETCOc value was used for analysis. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01848691) Results: The mean (range) age of 16 children with SCA and 16 controls was 9.7 years (5-14 years) and 9.9 years (5-14 years), respectively. The mean (± s.d.) ETCOc for SCA was 4.85 ± 2.24 ppm versus 0.96 ± 0.54 ppm for control group (p<0.001). The ETCOc in the control group ranged from 0.2 to 2.3 ppm, but was ≤1.2 ppm in 14/16, which is suggested as the upper limit of normal for healthy children. In the SCA group, the ETCOc range was 1.8 to 9.7 ppm, with values ≥2.4 ppm in 15/16 subjects. A threshold ETCOc value of >2.1 ppm provided both sensitivity and specificity equal to 93.8% (69.8-99.8%) for distinguishing SCA from healthy children. Children with SCA who had higher absolute reticulocyte count also demonstrated higher ETCOc (r=0.62, p=0.011). Patients with severe anemia (hemoglobin <8 g/dL) had a higher mean ETCOc (5.43 ppm) than the rest (4.40 ppm) but the difference was not significant. ETCOc level tended to increase with age in SCA (r=0.45, p=0.08). Conclusions: Carbon monoxide in exhaled breath can be measured in young children in the clinic using a portable monitor. ETCOc may be a valuable tool for non-invasive monitoring of the severity of hemolysis in SCA. The mean ETCOc was 5-fold higher in SCA compared with controls, with little overlap seen between the groups. This suggests a potential use for ETCOc as a point-of-care screening test for SCA in children. Figure 1 Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 2. Disclosures Lal: Capnia, Inc: Research Funding. Yen:Capnia, Inc. : Employment. Bhatnagar:Capnia, Inc: Employment.

scholarly journals Predictors of Nicotine Dependence among Adult Male Midwakh and Cigarette Smokers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shatah Al Sharbatti ◽  
Rizwana B. Shaikh ◽  
Jayadevan Sreedharan ◽  
Jayakumary Muttappallymyalil ◽  
Michael Weizman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Addictive Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cigarette Smokers

Objectives: Midwakh is a popular form of smoking in the Middle East. This study aimed to assess predictors of nicotine dependence among exclusive cigarette and midwakh smokers in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from September to December 2015 in Ajman, UAE. A convenience sampling strategy was used to recruit adult male smokers aged ≥18 years who exclusively smoked either cigarettes or midwakh. A validated self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the participants, with nicotine dependence assessed using the Modified Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. In addition, testing was performed to determine levels of salivary cotinine and exhaled breath carbon monoxide (CO). Results: A total of 88 adult male smokers were included in the study, of which 40 (45.5%) were cigarette smokers and 48 (54.5%) smoked midwakh. Most participants were 26–35 years of age (48.9%), followed by 18–25 years (30.7%) and ≥35 years (20.5%). Use of midwakh was associated with a more than three-fold increase in the risk of moderate to high nicotine dependence in comparison with cigarette smoking. Moreover, for each unit increase in CO level, there was a 10% increase in the risk of nicotine dependency. There was also a significant association between nicotine dependence level and depth of inhalation (P = 0.023).  Conclusion: Type of smoking and CO levels were found to be significant predictors of nicotine dependence among adult male smokers. In particular, greater dependency was observed among midwakh smokers compared to those who smoked cigarettes. Keywords: Tobacco Use; Cigarette Smoking; Addictive Behaviors; Nicotine; Risk Assessment; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; United Arab Emirates.

Low levels of nitric oxide and carbon monoxide in α1-antitrypsin deficiency

2002 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 2038-2043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto F. Machado ◽  
James K. Stoller ◽  
Daniel Laskowski ◽  
Shuo Zheng ◽  
Joseph A. Lupica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Antitrypsin Deficiency ◽  
At Deficiency ◽  
Noninvasive Markers

Quantitations of exhaled nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) have been proposed as noninvasive markers of airway inflammation. We hypothesized that exhaled CO is increased in individuals with α1-antitrypsin (AT) deficiency, who have lung inflammation and injury related to oxidative and proteolytic processes. Nineteen individuals with α1-AT deficiency, 22 healthy controls, and 12 patients with non-α1-AT-deficient chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) had NO, CO, CO2, and O2 measured in exhaled breath. Individuals with α1-AT deficiency had lower levels of NO and CO than control or COPD individuals. α1-AT-deficient and COPD patients had lower exhaled CO2 than controls, although only α1-AT-deficient patients had higher exhaled O2 than healthy controls. NO was correlated inversely with exhaled O2 and directly with exhaled CO2, supporting a role for NO in regulation of gas exchange. Exhaled gases were not significantly related to corticosteroid use or lung function. Demonstration of lower than normal CO and NO levels may be useful as an additional noninvasive method to evaluate α1-AT deficiency in individuals with a severe, early onset of obstructive lung disease.

scholarly journals Carbon monoxide in exhaled breath testing and therapeutics

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 017111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan W Ryter ◽  
Augustine M K Choi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Breath Testing

scholarly journals Elevated Carbon Monoxide to Carbon Dioxide Ratio in the Exhaled Breath of Mice Treated With a Single Dose of Lipopolysaccharide

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Ghalyanchi Langeroudi ◽  
Charlotte M. Hirsch ◽  
Azadeh Shojaee Estabragh ◽  
Simone Meinardi ◽  
Donald R. Blake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Resistant Mutant ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Endogenous Production ◽  
Experimental Mouse ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Different Doses

Background.  Analysis of volatile organic chemicals in breath holds promise for noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring of patients, but investigation of this in experimental mouse models has been limited. Of particular interest is endogenous production of carbon monoxide as a biomarker of inflammation and, more particularly, during sepsis. Methods.  Using a nose-only collection procedure for unanesthetized individual adult mice and sensitive gas chromatography of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) of sampled breath, we investigated the responses of mice to one-time injections with different doses of purified Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. Two strains of mice were examined: BALB/c and C3H, including an endotoxin-resistant mutant (HeJ) as well as the wild type (HOuJ). Results.  The CO to CO2 ratio increased in a dose-responsive manner within hours in treated BALC/c mice but not control mice. The CO/CO2 values declined to the range of control mice within 48–72 h after the injection of lipopolysaccharide. Breath CO/CO2 values correlated with systemic inflammation biomarkers in serum and heme oxygenase-1 gene expression in blood. C3H/HOuJ mice, but not the HeJ mice, had similar increases of the CO/CO2 ratio in response to the endotoxin. Conclusions.  Carbon monoxide concentrations in exhaled breath of at least 2 strains of mice increase in response to single injections of endotoxin. The magnitude of increase was similar to what was observed with a bacteremia model. These findings with an experimental model provide a rationale for further studies of normalized CO concentrations in human breath as an informative biomarker for staging and monitoring of sepsis.

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