scholarly journals 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine Glucuronide as a Phase II Metabolite of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine: Enzyme-Assisted Synthesis and Involvement of Human Hepatic Uridine 5′-Diphosphate-Glucuronosyltransferase 2B15 in the Glucuronidation

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 472-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuji Shoda ◽  
Kiyoshi Fukuhara ◽  
Yukihiro Goda ◽  
Haruhiro Okuda
Keyword(s):  
Phase Ii ◽  
Phase Ii Metabolite

PAH biotransformation in terrestrial invertebrates—a new phase II metabolite in isopods and springtails

2004 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard J. Stroomberg ◽  
Herman Zappey ◽  
Ruud J.C.A. Steen ◽  
Cornelis A.M. van Gestel ◽  
Freek Ariese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Ii ◽  
Terrestrial Invertebrates ◽  
New Phase ◽  
Phase Ii Metabolite

scholarly journals 2-Hydroxy-5-(ethanolamino)-3-(10'-Z-pentadecenyl)-1,4-benzoquinone, New Microbial Phase II Metabolite of Maesanin.

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehab A. ABOURASHED ◽  
Farouk S. EL-FERALY ◽  
Ikhlas A. KHAN ◽  
Charles D. HUFFORD
Keyword(s):  
Phase Ii ◽  
Phase Ii Metabolite

Species-related exposure of phase II metabolite gemfibrozil 1-O-β-glucuronide between human and mice: A net induction of mouse P450 activity was revealed

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 535-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Luo ◽  
Manyun Dai ◽  
Hante Lin ◽  
Minzhu Xie ◽  
Jiao Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Ii ◽  
P450 Activity ◽  
Phase Ii Metabolite

Determination of asymmetric Nα-acetyldimethylarginine in humans: A phase II metabolite of asymmetric dimethylarginine

2014 ◽  
Vol 452 ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Martens-Lobenhoffer ◽  
Roman N. Rodionov ◽  
Stefanie M. Bode-Böger
Keyword(s):  
Phase Ii ◽  
Asymmetric Dimethylarginine ◽  
Phase Ii Metabolite

Phase I and phase II metabolite identification of rutaecarpine in freshly isolated hepatocytes from male Sprague–Dawley rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 972-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Wook Lee ◽  
Youra Kang ◽  
Mi Jeong Kang ◽  
Keumhan Noh ◽  
Ju Hyun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Metabolite Identification ◽  
Isolated Hepatocytes ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Phase Ii Metabolite

scholarly journals An Investigation on Glucuronidation Metabolite Identification, Isozyme Contribution, and Species Differences of GL-V9 In Vitro and In Vivo

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Xing ◽  
Dexuan Kong ◽  
Chen Ning ◽  
Ying Kong ◽  
Chang Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Ii ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
Metabolite Identification ◽  
Anti Tumor Activity ◽  
Glucuronide Metabolite ◽  
Catalytic Capacity ◽  
Phase Ii Metabolite

GL-V9 is a prominent derivative of wogonin with a wide therapeutic spectrum and potent anti-tumor activity. The metabolism characteristics of GL-V9 remain unclear. This study aimed to clarify the metabolic pathway of GL-V9 and investigate the generation of its glucuronidation metabolites in vitro and in vivo. HPLC-UV-TripleTOF was used to identify metabolites. The main metabolite that we found was chemically synthesized and the synthetic metabolite was utilized as standard substance for the subsequent metabolism studies of GL-V9, including enzyme kinetics in liver microsomes of five different species and reaction phenotyping metabolism using 12 recombinant human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms. Results indicated that the glucuronidation reaction occurred at C5-OH group, and 5-O-glucuronide GL-V9 is the only glucuronide metabolite and major phase II metabolite of GL-V9. Among 12 recombinant human UGTs, rUGT1A9 showed the strongest catalytic capacity for the glucuronidation reaction of GL-V9. rUGT1A7 and rUGT1A8 were also involved in the glucuronidation metabolism. Km of rUGT1A7-1A9 was 3.25 ± 0.29, 13.92 ± 1.05, and 4.72 ± 0.28 μM, respectively. In conclusion, 5-O-glucuronide GL-V9 is the dominant phase II metabolite of GL-V9 in vivo and in vitro, whose formation rate and efficiency are closely related to isoform-specific metabolism profiles and the distribution of UGTs in different tissues of different species.

scholarly journals Glucose–sulfate conjugates as a new phase II metabolite formed by aquatic crustaceans

2007 ◽  
Vol 360 (2) ◽  
pp. 490-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinori Ikenaka ◽  
Masumi Ishizaka ◽  
Heesoo Eun ◽  
Yuichi Miyabara
Keyword(s):  
Phase Ii ◽  
New Phase ◽  
Phase Ii Metabolite
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