scholarly journals Studies on dental caries prevention by traditional medicines. Part XIII. Effect of tea polyphenols on glucan synthesis by glucosyltransferase from Streptococcus mutans.

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masao HATTORI ◽  
Ines Tomoco KUSUMOTO ◽  
Tsuneo NAMBA ◽  
Tadashi ISHIGAMI ◽  
Yukihiko HARA
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Tea Polyphenols ◽  
Caries Prevention ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Glucan Synthesis

scholarly journals Cationic Lipid Content in Liposome-Encapsulated Nisin Improves Sustainable Bactericidal Activity against Streptococcus mutans

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 360-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Yamakami ◽  
Hideaki Tsumori ◽  
Yoshitaka Shimizu ◽  
Yutaka Sakurai ◽  
Kohei Nagatoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Cationic Lipid ◽  
Cationic Liposome ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Insoluble Glucan ◽  
Inhibitory Efficiency ◽  
Bactericidal Activities ◽  
Glucan Synthesis ◽  
Sustained Inhibition

An oral infectious disease, dental caries, is caused by the cariogenic streptococci Streptococcus mutans. The expected preventive efficiency for prophylactics against dental caries is not yet completely observed. Nisin, a bacteriocin, has been demonstrated to be microbicidal against S. mutans, and liposome-encapsulated nisin improves preventive features that may be exploited for human oral health. Here we examined the bactericidal effect of charged lipids on nisin-loaded liposomes against S. mutans and inhibitory efficiency for insoluble glucan synthesis by the streptococci for prevention of dental caries. Cationic liposome, nisin-loaded dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine/phytosphingosine, exhibited higher bactericidal activities than those of electroneutral liposome and anionic liposome. Bactericidal efficiency of the cationic liposome revealed that the vesicles exhibited sustained inhibition of glucan synthesis and the lowest rate of release of nisin from the vesicles. The optimizing ability of cationic liposome-encapsulated nisin that exploit the sustained preventive features of an anti-streptococcal strategy may improve prevention of dental caries.

scholarly journals Effect of Herbal and Fluoride Mouth Rinses onStreptococcus mutansand Dental Caries among 12–15-Year-Old School Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinej Somaraj ◽  
Rekha P. Shenoy ◽  
Ganesh Shenoy Panchmal ◽  
Vijaya Kumar ◽  
Praveen S. Jodalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
Group I ◽  
Mouth Rinses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Glucan Synthesis

To assess and compare the effect of herbal and fluoride mouth rinses onStreptococcus mutanscount and glucan synthesis byStreptococcus mutansand dental caries, a parallel group placebo controlled randomized trial was conducted among 240 schoolchildren (12–15 years old). Participants were randomly divided and allocated into Group I (0.2% fluoride group), Group II (herbal group), and Group III (placebo group). All received 10 ml of respective mouth rinses every fortnight for a period of one year. Intergroup and intragroup comparison were done forStreptococcus mutanscount and glucan synthesis byStreptococcus mutansand dental caries.Streptococcus mutanscount showed a statistically significant difference between Group I and Group III (p=0.035) and also between Group II and Group III (p=0.039). Glucan concentration levels showed a statistically significant difference (p=0.024) between Group II and Group III at 12th month. Mean DMF scores showed no statistical difference between the three groups (p=0.139). No difference in the level of significance was seen in the intention-to-treat and per-protocol analysis. The present study showed that both herbal and fluoride mouth rinses, when used fortnightly, were equally effective and could be recommended for use in school-based health education program to control dental caries. Trial registration number isCTRI/2015/08/006070.

scholarly journals Effects of Antimicrobial Peptide GH12 on the Cariogenic Properties and Composition of a Cariogenic Multispecies Biofilm

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wentao Jiang ◽  
Yufei Wang ◽  
Junyuan Luo ◽  
Xinwei Li ◽  
Xuedong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Biofilm Model ◽  
Planktonic Bacteria ◽  
Multispecies Biofilm ◽  
Glucan Synthesis

ABSTRACTDental caries is a biofilm-mediated disease that occurs when acidogenic/aciduric bacteria obtain an ecological advantage over commensal species. In previous studies, the effects of the antimicrobial peptide GH12 on planktonic bacteria and monospecies biofilms were confirmed. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of GH12 on a cariogenic multispecies biofilm and to preliminarily explain the mechanism. In this biofilm model,Streptococcus mutansATCC 70061 was the representative of cariogenic bacteria, whileStreptococcus gordoniiATCC 35105 andStreptococcus sanguinisJCM 5708 were selected as healthy microbiota. The results showed that GH12 was more effective in suppressingS. mutansthan the other two species, with lower MIC and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values among diverse type strains and clinical isolated strains. Therefore, GH12, at no more than 8 mg/liter, was used to selectively suppressS. mutansin the multispecies biofilm. GH12 at 4 mg/liter and 8 mg/liter reduced the cariogenic properties of the multispecies biofilm in biofilm formation, glucan synthesis, and lactic acid production. In addition, GH12 suppressedS. mutanswithin the multispecies biofilm and changed the bacterial composition. Furthermore, 8 mg/liter GH12 showed a selective bactericidal impact onS. mutans, and GH12 promoted hydrogen peroxide production inS. sanguinisandS. gordonii, which improved their ecological advantages. In conclusion, GH12 inhibited the cariogenic properties and changed the composition of the multispecies biofilm through a two-part mechanism by which GH12 directly suppressed the growth ofS. mutansas well as enhanced the ecological competitiveness ofS. sanguinisandS. gordonii.IMPORTANCEDental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic infectious diseases worldwide, with substantial economic and quality-of-life impacts.Streptococcus mutanshas been considered the principal pathogen of dental caries. To combat dental caries, an antimicrobial peptide, GH12, was designed, and its antibacterial effects on planktonicS. mutansand the monospecies biofilm were confirmed. As etiological concepts of dental caries evolved to include microecosystems, the homeostasis between pathogenic and commensal bacteria and a selective action on cariogenic virulence have increasingly become the focus. The novelty of this research was to study the effects of the antimicrobial peptides on a controlled cariogenic multispecies biofilm model. Notably, the role of an antimicrobial agent in regulating interspecific competition and composition shifts within this multispecies biofilm was investigated. With promising antibacterial and antibiofilm properties, the use of GH12 might be of importance in preventing and controlling caries and other dental infections.

scholarly journals The inhibition of Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferase enzyme activity by mangosteen pericarp extract

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirawati Pribadi ◽  
Yovita Yonas ◽  
Widya Saraswati
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inhibitory Power ◽  
Glucan Synthesis

Background: Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is a bacterium that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of dental caries. Streptococcus mutans produces the glucosyltransferase enzyme which is capable of catalyzing glucan synthesis in the progression of dental caries. Certain treatments involving traditional plant use have been developed to eradicate Streptococcus mutans as a means of preventing the formation of dental caries. One of these is mangosteen pericarp extract containing a number of polyphenols that have the capacity to act as antibacterial agents, namely; tannin, mangostin, and flavonoid. Purpose: The research aimed to investigate the inhibitory power of mangosteen pericarp extract against Streptococcus mutans producing the glucosyltransferase enzyme. Methods: The research used mangosteen pericarp extract at concentrations of 0.39% and 0.78% as the treatments, while 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate was used as a positive control, and distilled water as a negative control. Each group consisted of six samples. Mangosteen peels extracted with 96% ethanol (maceration method) and mangosteen extract constituted 5% of the total weight of the mangosteen pericarp. Supernatant containing Gtf enzyme produced from a culture medium and centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 10 minutes at 4o C. Glucosyltransferase enzyme activity was measured by analyzing the extensive fructose area by means of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The extensive fructose area was determined according to time retention in each group. Results: Mangosteen peel extract at concentrations of 0.39% and 0.78% demonstrated greater ability than the negative control group (sterile aquades) and similar ability to the positive group (chlorhexidine 0.12%) to inhibit the activity of the Gtf enzyme or S. mutans bacteria. Conclusion: Mangosteen pericarp extract has the ability to inhibit the activity of Streptococcus mutans in producing glucosyltransferase enzyme.

scholarly journals CovR Regulates Streptococcus mutans Susceptibility To Complement Immunity and Survival in Blood

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (11) ◽  
pp. 3206-3219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia A. Alves ◽  
Ryota Nomura ◽  
Flávia S. Mariano ◽  
Erika N. Harth-Chu ◽  
Rafael N. Stipp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Classical Pathway ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Glucan Synthesis ◽  
Systemic Infections

Streptococcus mutans, a major pathogen of dental caries, may promote systemic infections after accessing the bloodstream from oral niches. In this study, we investigate pathways of complement immunity againstS. mutansand show that the orphan regulator CovR (CovRSm) modulates susceptibility to complement opsonization and survival in blood.S. mutansblood isolates showed reduced susceptibility to C3b deposition compared to oral isolates. Reduced expression ofcovRSmin blood strains was associated with increased transcription of CovRSm-repressed genes required forS. mutansinteractions with glucans (gbpC,gbpB, andepsC), sucrose-derived exopolysaccharides (EPS). Consistently, blood strains showed an increased capacity to bind glucanin vitro. Deletion ofcovRSmin strain UA159 (UAcov) impaired C3b deposition and binding to serum IgG and C-reactive protein (CRP) as well as phagocytosis through C3b/iC3b receptors and killing by neutrophils. Opposite effects were observed in mutants ofgbpC,epsC, orgtfBCD(required for glucan synthesis). C3b deposition on UA159 was abolished in C1q-depleted serum, implying that the classical pathway is essential for complement activation onS. mutans. Growth in sucrose-containing medium impaired the binding of C3b and IgG to UA159, UAcov, and blood isolates but had absent or reduced effects on C3b deposition ingtfBCD,gbpC, andepsCmutants. UAcov further showed increasedex vivosurvival in human blood in an EPS-dependent way. Consistently, reduced survival was observed for thegbpCandepsCmutants. Finally, UAcov showed an increased ability to cause bacteremia in a rat model. These results reveal that CovRSmmodulates systemic virulence by regulating functions affectingS. mutanssusceptibility to complement opsonization.

Cell Wall Ultrastructure in Three Strains of a Cariogenic Streptococcus

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
M. J. Kramer ◽  
Alan L. Coykendall
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Dna Reassociation ◽  
Wall Ultrastructure

During the almost 50 years since Streptococcus mutans was first suggested as a factor in the etiology of dental caries, a multitude of studies have confirmed the cariogenic potential of this organism. Streptococci have been isolated from human and animal caries on numerous occasions and, with few exceptions, they are not typable by the Lancefield technique but are relatively homogeneous in their biochemical reactions. An analysis of the guanine-cytosine (G-C) composition of the DNA from strains K-1-R, NCTC 10449, and FA-1 by one of us (ALC) revealed significant differences and DNA-DNA reassociation experiments indicated that genetic heterogeneity existed among the three strains. The present electron microscopic study had as its objective the elucidation of any distinguishing morphological characteristics which might further characterize the respective strains.

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