scholarly journals Synthesis of (24R)- and (24S)-27-nor-5.BETA.-cholestane-3.ALPHA.,7.ALPHA.,12.ALPHA.,24,26-pentols.

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 1330-1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAIJU KURAMOTO ◽  
YUKIO NOMA ◽  
TAKAHIKO HOSHITA
Keyword(s):  
Alpha 7

COVID-19 pathophysiology: interactions of gut microbiome, melatonin, vitamin D, stress, kynurenine and the alpha 7 nicotinic receptor: Treatment implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Anderson ◽  
Russel J Reiter
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Cytokine Induction ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Pulmonary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
Alpha 7

As data emerges on the pathophysiological underpinnings of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, it is clear that there are considerable variations in its susceptibility and severity/fatality, which give indications as to its pathophysiology and treatment. SARS-CoV-2 modulatory factors include age, vitamin D levels, cigarette smoking, gender and ethnicity as well as premorbid medical conditions, including diabetes, cancer, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and immune-compromised conditions. A complex picture is emerging, with an array of systemic physiological processes interacting including circadian, immune, intestinal, CNS and coagulation factors. This article reviews data on SARS-CoV-2 pathoetiology and pathophysiology. It is proposed that a decrease in pineal and systemic melatonin is an important driver of SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and severity, with the loss of pineal melatonin's induction of the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) in pulmonary epithelial cells and immune cells being a powerful regulator of susceptibility and severity, respectively. Stress, including discrimination stress, and decreased vitamin D also regulate SARS-CoV-2, including via gut dysbiosis and permeability, with a resultant decrease in the short-chain fatty acid, butyrate, and increase in circulating lipopolysaccharide. Stress and cytokine induction of the kynurenine pathways, leads to aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation, which primes platelets for heightened activity, coagulation and thrombin production, thereby driving elevations in thrombin that underpin many SARS-CoV-2 fatalities. On the basis of these pathophysiological changes, prophylactic and symptomatic treatments are proposed, including the use of melatonin and α7nAChR agonism. 

scholarly journals Effects of alpha 7 positive allosteric modulators in murine inflammatory and chronic neuropathic pain models

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 156-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelen Freitas ◽  
Sudeshna Ghosh ◽  
F. Ivy Carroll ◽  
Aron H. Lichtman ◽  
M. Imad Damaj
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Allosteric Modulators ◽  
Chronic Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Pain Models ◽  
Positive Allosteric Modulators ◽  
Alpha 7

scholarly journals Bile salts of frogs: a new higher bile acid, 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 26-tetrahydroxy-5 beta-cholestanoic acid from the bile Rana plancyi.

1980 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Une ◽  
N Matsumoto ◽  
K Kihira ◽  
M Yasuhara ◽  
T Kuramoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Alpha 7

scholarly journals Stereochemistry of the side chain oxidation of 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-triol in man.

1980 ◽  
Vol 255 (4) ◽  
pp. 1483-1485
Author(s):  
R.F. Hanson ◽  
P. Szczepanik-Van Leeuwen ◽  
G.C. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Side Chain ◽  
Chain Oxidation ◽  
Alpha 7

scholarly journals Characteristics of bile salt uptake into skate hepatocytes

1994 ◽  
Vol 299 (3) ◽  
pp. 665-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Fricker ◽  
V Dubost ◽  
K Finsterwald ◽  
J L Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Specificity ◽  
Bile Salt ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Organic Anion ◽  
Anion Transport ◽  
Organic Anion Transport ◽  
Salt Uptake ◽  
Anion Transport System ◽  
Alpha 7

The substrate specificity for the transporter that mediates the hepatic uptake of organic anions in freshly isolated hepatocytes of the elasmobranch little skate (Raja erinacea) was determined for bile salts and bile alcohols. The Na(+)-independent transport system exhibits a substrate specificity, which is different from the specificity of Na(+)-dependent bile salt transport in mammals. Unconjugated and conjugated di- and tri-hydroxylated bile salts inhibit uptake of cholyltaurine and cholate competitively. Inhibition is significantly greater with unconjugated as opposed to glycine- or taurine-conjugated bile salts. However, the number of hydroxyl groups in the steroid moiety of the bile salts has only minor influences on the inhibition by the unconjugated bile salts. Since the transport system seems to represent an archaic organic-anion transport system, other anions, such as dicarboxylates, amino acids and sulphate, were also tested, but had no inhibitory effect on bile salt uptake. To clarify whether bile alcohols, the physiological solutes in skate bile, share this transport system, cholyltaurine transport was studied after addition of 5 beta-cholestane-3 beta,5 alpha,6 beta-triol, 5 alpha-cholestan-3 beta-ol and 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-triol. These bile alcohols inhibit cholyltaurine uptake non-competitively. In contrast, uptake of 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-triol, which is Na(+)-independent, is not inhibited by cholyltaurine. The findings further characterize a Na(+)-independent organic-anion transport system in skate liver cells, which is not shared by bile alcohols and has preference for unconjugated lipophilic bile salts.

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