scholarly journals Fate of porcine and human insulin at the subcutaneous injection site. I. Degradation and absorption of insulins in the rat.

1985 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATSUHIKO OKUMURA ◽  
FUSAO KOMADA ◽  
RYOHEI HORI
Keyword(s):  
Injection Site ◽  
Human Insulin ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection

scholarly journals Predictors of Subcutaneous Injection Site Reactions to Sustained-Release Buprenorphine in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J Haertel ◽  
Matthew A Schultz ◽  
Lois M Colgin ◽  
Amanda L Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Release ◽  
Injection Site ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Injection Site Reaction ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Injection Site Reactions

Subcutaneous injection site reactions to sustained-release buprenorphine hydrochloride (Buprenorphine SR) in macaqueshave been reported in only a single case report. In the current study, we evaluated the incidence rate and predictors ofbuprenorphine SR reactions in the subcutaneous tissue of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) based on retrospective reviewof macaque buprenorphine SR injection records. Potentially predictive variables were identified with logistic regressionmodeling and were evaluated using model selection based on Akaike information criterion. Record review revealed subcutaneoustissue reactions occurred in 52 (3%) of 1559 injections and were noted between 4 and 311 d after injection. Modelselection showed that body weight and MHC allele Mamu-B*29 were the best predictors of subcutaneous reactions. Basedon these results, we recommend consideration of potential risk factors prior to the administration of buprenorphine SR toa rhesus macaque. In addition, the authors advise that using the highest concentration of buprenorphine SR available mayreduce injection site reaction rates due to the injection of less copolymer.

Pharmacokinetics (PK) and Pharmacodynamics (PD) of Subcutaneous Versus Intravenous Administration of Bortezomib in Patients with Relapsed Multiple Myeloma: Effects of Subcutaneous Injection Site and Concentration, and Patient Characteristics

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 1863-1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Moreau ◽  
Ievgenii I Karamanesht ◽  
Natalia Domnikova ◽  
Maryna Y Kyselyova ◽  
Kateryna Vilchevska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Injection Site ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Advisory Board ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Equity Ownership ◽  
Demographic Covariates ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Abstract 1863 Background: The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib is approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM); the recommended dose and schedule is 1.3 mg/m2 administered by intravenous (IV) injection on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of 21-day cycles. Findings from the phase 3 randomized, non-inferiority, MMY-3021 study (Moreau et al, Lancet Oncol 2011) demonstrated that subcutaneous (SC) administration of bortezomib, using the same dose and schedule, was feasible, and resulted in similar efficacy with an improved systemic safety profile (including significantly lower rates of peripheral neuropathy) versus IV bortezomib in patients with relapsed MM. These findings built upon an earlier randomized phase 1 study (CAN-1004; Moreau et al, Haematologica 2008). Here we present a comprehensive analysis of the PK and PD of SC versus IV bortezomib and evaluate the impact of SC administration site/concentration and patient characteristics, using all available data from MMY-3021 and CAN-1004, and pooled analyses. Methods: Patients with relapsed MM after 1–3 (MMY-3021) or ≥1 (CAN-1004) prior therapies were randomized to receive up to eight (or 10 for patients with late evolving response in MMY-3021) 21-day cycles of SC or IV bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 on days 1, 4, 8, and 11. The SC injection concentration was 1 mg/mL in CAN-1004, but 2.5 mg/mL in MMY-3021, to reduce the volume injected. SC injection sites were the thighs and abdomen, and were rotated for successive injections. In both studies, the IV injection concentration was 1 mg/mL. In MMY-3021, 17/18 SC and 14/14 IV patients enrolled to the PK/PD substudy at selected sites were assessable; in CAN-1004, 10/12 patients on each arm were included in the PK/PD analyses. Blood samples were collected pre-dosing and at multiple time points post-dose on day 11 of cycle 1 for PK/PD analyses. Results: PK analyses demonstrated that bortezomib systemic exposure was equivalent with SC versus IV administration in MMY-3021 (AUClast: 155 vs 151 ng.hr/mL, geometric mean ratio of 0.992 [90% CI: 80.18, 122.80]) and comparable in CAN-1004 (AUClast: 195 vs 241 ng.hr/mL), although as would be expected, Cmax was lower (MMY-3021, 20.4 vs 223 ng/mL, Figure; CAN-1004, 22.5 vs 162 ng/mL) and Tmax was longer (both studies, 30 vs 2 mins; Figure). PD parameters of proteasome inhibition were also similar with SC versus IV bortezomib (Emax: MMY-3021, 63.7 vs 69.3%; CAN-1004, 57.0 vs 68.8%; AUE72hr: MMY-3021, 1714 vs 1383 %.hr; CAN-1004, 1619 vs 1283 %.hr), although time to Emax was longer (MMY-3021, 120 vs 5 mins; CAN-1004, 120 vs 3 mins). Analyses of PK and PD parameters in MMY-3021 according to SC injection site showed no differences (Table). Comparison of SC bortezomib PK and PD parameters between MMY-3021 and CAN-1004 showed that SC injection concentration (2.5 vs 1 mg/mL) had no appreciable effect. Demographic covariates had no impact on bortezomib systemic exposure based on pooled bortezomib PK parameters following SC injection in the two studies. Full results from subgroup analyses will be presented. Conclusions: Data from these randomized studies of SC versus IV bortezomib in patients with relapsed MM demonstrate that SC administration results in equivalent bortezomib plasma exposure, albeit with a lower Cmax and longer Tmax, compared with IV administration, together with comparable PD effects. SC injection site and concentration of the injected solution did not affect bortezomib PK and PD parameters, and the demographic covariates did not appear to have an impact on the PK and PD of SC bortezomib. The non-inferior efficacy of SC versus IV bortezomib in relapsed or refractory MM demonstrated in MMY-3021, together with the equivalent total systemic exposures (AUC) via the SC and IV routes of administration, support the use of bortezomib via the SC route across the settings of clinical use in which the safety and efficacy of IV bortezomib has been established. Disclosures: Moreau: Janssen: Advisory board, Honoraria; Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Advisory board, Honoraria. Off Label Use: Bortezomib administered via subcutaneous injection. Hulin:Celgene: Honoraria; Janssen-Cilag: Honoraria. Leleu:Janssen: Insitutional grants and lecture fees. Esseltine:Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employment; Johnson & Johnson: Equity Ownership. Venkatakrishnan:Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employment. Skee:Janssen Research & Development: Employment. Feng:Janssen Research & Development: Employment. Girgis:Janssen Research & Development: Employment. Cakana:Janssen Research & Development: Employment. Deraedt:Janssen Research & Development: Employment; Johnson & Johnson: Equity Ownership. Facon:Janssen: Advisory committee, Speakers Bureau.

Absorption of Subcutaneous Injection of Tc-99m Pertechnetate via Acupuncture Points and Non-acupuncture Points

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Chieng Wu ◽  
Ming-Feng Chen ◽  
Chun-Ching Lin
Keyword(s):  
Injection Site ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Acupuncture Points ◽  
Peak Activity ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Good Point ◽  
Activity Curve ◽  
Better Than

SC-RNV, a new method of radionuclide venography by subcutaneous injection of Tc-99m pertechnetate at acupuncture points K-3 (Taixi), was developed in our laboratory. To further investigate whether K-3 is the best point for SC-RNV, Tc-99m pertechnetate was subcutaneously injected at K-3 on one foot and at one of the 11 other acupuncture points (APs) or 3 nonacupuncture points (NAPs) on the opposite foot, simultaneously, in 157 subjects without evidence of venous disorder. The absorption of radioisotopes from each injection site was evaluated by analyzing the time-activity curve at a region of interest set upon over the lower leg above the injection site. The results revealed that the absorption of radioisotopes via K-3 (Taixi) was better than that via NAPs, evidenced by higher peak activity and greater absorption rate. However, there was no significant difference between K-3 injection and other APs injections except Liv-2 and Liv-3. These results indicate that absorption of radioisotopes via APs is better than via NAPs. This together with the fact that K-3 is easier to detect than other APs in feet, suggests that K-3 is a good point for SC-RNV.

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