scholarly journals FR901724, a Novel Anti-human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Peptide Produced by Streptomyces, Shows Synergistic Antiviral Activities with HIV Protease Inhibitor and 2',3'-Dideoxynucleosides.

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki NAKASHIMA ◽  
Kohji ICHIYAMA ◽  
Kazuhiko INAZAWA ◽  
Masahiko ITO ◽  
Hideya HAYASHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Hiv Protease ◽  
Hiv Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiviral Activities

scholarly journals In vitro anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity of XM323, a novel HIV protease inhibitor.

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 2606-2611 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Otto ◽  
C D Reid ◽  
S Garber ◽  
P Y Lam ◽  
H Scarnati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Hiv Protease ◽  
Hiv Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitor indinavir directly affects the opportunistic fungal pathogenCryptococcus neoformans

2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Blasi ◽  
Bruna Colombari ◽  
Carlotta Francesca Orsi ◽  
Marcello Pinti ◽  
Leonarda Troiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Hiv Protease ◽  
Hiv Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Evaluation of reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors in two-drug combinations against human immunodeficiency virus replication.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1346-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
C A Deminie ◽  
C M Bechtold ◽  
D Stock ◽  
M Alam ◽  
F Djang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
Nucleoside Analogs ◽  
Drug Combinations ◽  
Hiv Protease ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Replication ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Current treatments for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) include both reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors. Results from in vitro and clinical studies suggest that combination therapy can be more effective than single drugs in reducing viral burden. To evaluate compounds for combination therapy, stavudine (d4T), didanosine (ddI), or BMS-186,318, an HIV protease inhibitor, were combined with other clinically relevant compounds and tested in a T-cell line (CEM-SS) that was infected with HIV-RF or in peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected with a clinical HIV isolate. The combined drug effects were analyzed by the methods described by Chou and Talalay (Adv. Enzyme Regul. 22:27-55, 1984) as well as by Prichard et al. (Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37:540-545, 1993). The results showed that combining two nucleoside analogs (d4T-ddI, d4T-zidovudine [AZT], and d4T-zalcitabine [ddC]), two HIV protease inhibitors (BMS-186,318-saquinavir, BMS-186,318-SC-52151, and BMS-186,318-MK-639) or a reverse transcriptase and a protease inhibitor (BMS-186,318-d4T, BMS-186,318-ddI, BMS-186,318-AZT, d4T-saquinavir, d4T-MK-639, and ddI-MK-639) yielded additive to synergistic antiviral effects. In general, analysis of data by either method gave consistent results. In addition, combined antiviral treatments involving nucleoside analogs gave slightly different outcomes in the two cell types, presumably because of a difference in phosphorylation patterns. Importantly, no strong antagonism was observed with the drug combinations studied. These data should provide useful information for the design of clinical trials of combined chemotherapy.

scholarly journals ABT-378, a Highly Potent Inhibitor of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 3218-3224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hing L. Sham ◽  
Dale J. Kempf ◽  
Akhteruzammen Molla ◽  
Kennan C. Marsh ◽  
Gondi N. Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Hiv Protease ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Potent Protease Inhibitor

ABSTRACT The valine at position 82 (Val 82) in the active site of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease mutates in response to therapy with the protease inhibitor ritonavir. By using the X-ray crystal structure of the complex of HIV protease and ritonavir, the potent protease inhibitor ABT-378, which has a diminished interaction with Val 82, was designed. ABT-378 potently inhibited wild-type and mutant HIV protease (Ki = 1.3 to 3.6 pM), blocked the replication of laboratory and clinical strains of HIV type 1 (50% effective concentration [EC50], 0.006 to 0.017 μM), and maintained high potency against mutant HIV selected by ritonavir in vivo (EC50, ≤0.06 μM). The metabolism of ABT-378 was strongly inhibited by ritonavir in vitro. Consequently, following concomitant oral administration of ABT-378 and ritonavir, the concentrations of ABT-378 in rat, dog, and monkey plasma exceeded the in vitro antiviral EC50 in the presence of human serum by >50-fold after 8 h. In healthy human volunteers, coadministration of a single 400-mg dose of ABT-378 with 50 mg of ritonavir enhanced the area under the concentration curve of ABT-378 in plasma by 77-fold over that observed after dosing with ABT-378 alone, and mean concentrations of ABT-378 exceeded the EC50 for >24 h. These results demonstrate the potential utility of ABT-378 as a therapeutic intervention against AIDS.

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