scholarly journals Oral Tolerance to Ovalbumin in Mice as a Model for Detecting Modulators of the Immunologic Tolerance to a Specific Antigen.

1995 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 854-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
JoungHoon KIM ◽  
Motoyasu OHSAWA
Keyword(s):  
Oral Tolerance ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Immunologic Tolerance

Immune modulation in suckling rat pups by a growth factor extract derived from milk whey

2001 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
IRMELI A. PENTTILA ◽  
MIN F. ZHANG ◽  
EDNA BATES ◽  
GEOFFREY REGESTER ◽  
LEANNA C. READ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Oral Tolerance ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Maternal Milk ◽  
Milk Whey ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Food Antigens

Oral tolerance to foreign enteral antigens is not fully developed in early neonatal life. Epidemiological evidence supports a role for maternal milk in the development of immune responses, including oral tolerance. Formula fed infants have an increased susceptibility to food allergy and the later development of autoimmune disease. This may relate to the lack in infant formula of growth factors found in maternal milk. Bovine milk contains proteins, growth factors and cytokines. Various studies have outlined the immune modulating potential of bovine milk-derived products. Fractionated whey extracts have therapeutic potential in disease states where there is an excessive inflammatory reaction, and disease preventive potential for infants who are not breast-fed. We have shown that daily oral administration of a growth factor-enriched fraction from milk whey to naturally suckling rat pups between days 4–9 postnatal can down-regulate immune activation to a specific orally administered food antigen, ovalbumin, assessed by lymphocyte proliferation. In addition, non-specific down-regulation in the intestine was observed as assessed by the expression of MHC I. Treatment of rat pups with whey extract at the time of oral sensitisation to ovalbumin also resulted in an increased secretion of TGF-β into the culture supernatant of spleen cells incubated with specific antigen. TGF-β is an immuno-down-regulatory cytokine involved in tolerance induction. Immune modulation by extracts derived from milk whey could be of potential benefit for formula-fed and pre-term infants in reducing susceptibility to inappropriate activation to food antigens.

Altered Fine Structure of B Lymphocytes Correlated with Defective Terminal Differentiation

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 386-387
Author(s):  
Dale E. Bockman ◽  
L. Y. Frank Wu ◽  
Alexander R. Lawton ◽  
Max D. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Terminal Differentiation ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Deficiency Diseases ◽  
Cell Line Generation

B-lymphocytes normally synthesize small amounts of immunoglobulin, some of which is incorporated into the cell membrane where it serves as receptor of antigen. These cells, on contact with specific antigen, proliferate and differentiate to plasma cells which synthesize and secrete large quantities of immunoglobulin. The two stages of differentiation of this cell line (generation of B-lymphocytes and antigen-driven maturation to plasma cells) are clearly separable during ontogeny and in some immune deficiency diseases. The present report describes morphologic aberrations of B-lymphocytes in two diseases in which second stage differentiation is defective.

Generation of immunoregulatory CD25+CD4+T cells following induction of oral tolerance

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A321-A321
Author(s):  
A KHORUTS ◽  
K THORSTENSON
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Oral Tolerance
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