scholarly journals Lignified materials as medicinal resources. VI. Anti-HIV activity of dehydrogenation polymer of p-coumaric acid, a synthetic lignin, in a quasi-in-vivo assay system as an intermediary step to clinical trials.

1993 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoaki SHIMIZU ◽  
Tomoko NAOE ◽  
Yutaka KAWAZOE ◽  
Hiroshi SAKAGAMI ◽  
Hideki NAKASHIMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Assay System ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
In Vivo Assay ◽  
Dehydrogenation Polymer ◽  
Anti Hiv

scholarly journals Emergence of Nanotechnology to Fight HIV Sexual Transmission: The Trip of G2-S16 Polyanionic Carbosilane Dendrimer to Possible Pre-Clinical Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9403
Author(s):  
Ignacio Relaño-Rodríguez ◽  
Maria Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Vaginal Mucosa ◽  
Carbosilane Dendrimer ◽  
Anti Hiv

Development of new, safe, and effective microbicides to prevent human immunodeficiency virus HIV sexual transmission is needed. Unfortunately, most microbicides proved ineffective to prevent the risk of HIV-infection in clinical trials. We are working with G2-S16 polyanionic carbosilane dendrimer (PCD) as a new possible vaginal topical microbicide, based on its short reaction times, wide availability, high reproducibility, and quantitative yields of reaction. G2-S16 PCD exerts anti-HIV activity at an early stage of viral replication, by blocking gp120/CD4/CCR5 interaction, and providing a barrier against infection for long periods of time. G2-S16 PCD was stable at different pH values, as well as in the presence of seminal fluids. It maintained the anti-HIV activity against R5/X4 HIV over time, did not generate any type of drug resistance, and retained the anti-HIV effect when exposed to semen-enhanced viral infection. Importantly, G2-S16 PCD did not modify vaginal microbiota neither in vitro or in vivo. Histopathological examination did not show vaginal irritation, inflammation, lesions, or damage in the vaginal mucosa, after administration of G2-S16 PCD at different concentrations and times in female mice and rabbit animal models. Based on these promising data, G2-S16 PCD could become a good, safe, and readily available candidate to use as a topical vaginal microbicide against HIV.

Detecting xenoestrogens with an in vivo assay system

2012 ◽  
Vol 211 ◽  
pp. S49-S50
Author(s):  
Wenjau Lee ◽  
Chi-Wei Kan ◽  
Chung-Kai Su ◽  
Kataaki Okubo ◽  
Yoshitaka Nagahama
Keyword(s):  
Assay System ◽  
In Vivo Assay

A novel in vivo assay system for consecutive measurement of brain nitric oxide production combined with the microdialysis technique

1994 ◽  
Vol 176 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kouichi Ohta ◽  
Nobuo Araki ◽  
Mamoru Shibata ◽  
Junichi Hamada ◽  
Satoru Komatsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Assay System ◽  
Nitric Oxide Production ◽  
Consecutive Measurement ◽  
Oxide Production ◽  
In Vivo Assay ◽  
Brain Nitric Oxide

scholarly journals Nonsense suppression in eukaryotes: the use of the Xenopus oocyte as an in vivo assay system

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (22) ◽  
pp. 5169-5178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariann Bienz ◽  
Eric Kubli ◽  
Kohli Jürg ◽  
Suzanne de Henau ◽  
Henri Grosjean
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Oocyte ◽  
Assay System ◽  
Nonsense Suppression ◽  
In Vivo Assay

scholarly journals Establishing an In Vivo Assay System to Identify Components Involved in Environmental RNA Interference in the Western Corn Rootworm

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e101661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keita Miyata ◽  
Parthasarathy Ramaseshadri ◽  
Yuanji Zhang ◽  
Gerrit Segers ◽  
Renata Bolognesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Assay System ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
In Vivo Assay

Validation of an In vitro-in vivo Assay System for Evaluation of Transdermal Delivery of Caffeine

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanni Farner ◽  
Luca Bors ◽  
Ágnes Bajza ◽  
Gellért Karvaly ◽  
István Antal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Assay System ◽  
Diffusion Cell ◽  
Rat Skin ◽  
Topical Formulation ◽  
Franz Diffusion Cell ◽  
Topical Drugs ◽  
In Vivo Assay

Introduction: Degree of skin penetration of topical drugs and cosmetics is a crucial point concerning their effects and tolerability. For testing drug delivery across the dermal barrier different in vitro and in vivo assays have been developed. Caffeine has been shown to have beneficial effects against skin aging, sunburn and hair-loss, and it is protective against melanoma and non-melanoma type skin cancers. Aim of our study was to set up an assay system to evaluate caffeine penetration from topical formulation into the skin. </P><P> Methods: Franz diffusion cells consisting of either a filter paper or an artificial membrane or rat skin were used as in vitro/ex vivo test systems and transdermal microdialysis in anaesthetized rats was performed as an in vivo assay. </P><P> Results: Results indicate that Franz diffusion cell studies provide a good approximation of the release of caffeine from the formulation but are not able to differentiate between 2% and 4% cream concentrations. The maximum concentrations (Cmax) in case of the 2% cream formulation were 708.3 (2.7 μm pore), 78.7 (0.8 &#181;m pore), 45.3 (0.45 &#181;m pore) and 44.9 (rat skin) &#181;g/7.5 mL, respectively. The in vivo microdialysis experiments were in accordance with the in vitro and ex vivo results and gave more information on the dynamics and follicular and transcellular phases of drug penetration through the layers of the skin. </P><P> Discussion and Conclusion: Taken together, Franz diffusion cell and transdermal microdialysis are a good combination to evaluate caffeine release and penetration into the skin from the formulations tested. This system might also be used for rapid testing of other hydrophilic topical drugs and has a benefit in the prediction for human skin absorption and tolerability studies, in an early phase of drug development.

Traditional Medicines, HIV, and Related Infections

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Patel ◽  
P. Bessong ◽  
H. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Anti Hiv

Traditional medicines are an integral part of health care worldwide, even though their efficacy has not been scientifically proven. HIV-infected individuals may use them singularly or in combination with conventional medicines. Many in vitro studies have proven the anti-HIV, anti- Candida, and anti–herpes simplex virus potential of traditional plants and identified some of the mechanisms of action. Very few in vivo studies are available that involve a small number of participants and show controversial results. In addition, knowledge is limited of the role of traditional medicines in the enhancement of the immune system. The use of traditional medicines with antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) has created a problem because drug interactions compromise the efficacy of ARVs. Several currently popular plants have been studied in the laboratory for their interaction with ARVs, with disadvantageous results. Unfortunately, no clinical trials are available. The science of traditional medicines is relatively new and is at present being modernized worldwide. However, there are still ethical issues regarding traditional medicines that need to be addressed—for example, regulations regarding quality control and standardization of medicines, regulation and education of healers who deliver these medicines, and unregulated clinical trials. The workshop addressed the following questions about traditional medicine and their use in HIV infection: What are the mechanisms of action of anti-HIV traditional medicines? Should traditional medicines be used in conjunction with ARV? Do traditional medicines enhance the immune system? Should medicinal plants be used for the control of oral infections associated with HIV? What are the ethical issues surrounding the use of traditional medicines for the treatment of HIV and associated infections?

scholarly journals Antihaemophilic effect of vasopressin, deamino-(d-arginine8)-vasopressin and adrenaline in sheep: proposal for an in vivo assay system

1988 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Heiniger ◽  
Luzia Kissling-Albrecht ◽  
Stefan Neuenschwander ◽  
Regula Rösli ◽  
Vladimir Pliška
Keyword(s):  
Assay System ◽  
In Vivo Assay
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