scholarly journals Studies on Mitochondrial Structure and Function in Physarum polycephalum. VII. Association between Mitochondrial Nuclear DNA and the Outer Limiting Membrane Complex

1979 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa ◽  
Shigeyuki Kawano
Keyword(s):  
Physarum Polycephalum ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Mitochondrial Structure ◽  
Membrane Complex ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Renal ischemia alters expression of mitochondria-related genes and impairs mitochondrial structure and function in swine scattered tubular-like cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (1) ◽  
pp. F19-F28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahele A. Farahani ◽  
Xiang-Yang Zhu ◽  
Hui Tang ◽  
Kyra L. Jordan ◽  
Lilach O. Lerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Mitochondrial Damage ◽  
Renal Ischemia ◽  
Gene Gain ◽  
Mitochondrial Structure ◽  
And Function

Scattered tubular-like cells (STCs) are dedifferentiated surviving tubular epithelial cells that repair neighboring injured cells. Experimental renal artery stenosis (RAS) impairs STC reparative potency by inducing mitochondrial injury, but the exact mechanisms of mitochondrial damage remain unknown. We hypothesized that RAS alters expression of mitochondria-related genes, contributing to mitochondrial structural damage and dysfunction in swine STCs. CD24+/CD133+ STCs were isolated from pig kidneys after 10 wk of RAS or sham ( n = 3 each). mRNA sequencing was performed, and nuclear DNA (nDNA)-encoded mitochondrial genes and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-encoded genes were identified. Mitochondrial structure, ATP generation, biogenesis, and expression of mitochondria-associated microRNAs were also assessed. There were 96 nDNA-encoded mitochondrial genes upregulated and 12 mtDNA-encoded genes downregulated in RAS-STCs versus normal STCs. Functional analysis revealed that nDNA-encoded and mtDNA-encoded differentially expressed genes were primarily implicated in mitochondrial respiration and ATP synthesis. Mitochondria from RAS STCs were swollen and showed cristae remodeling and loss and decreased ATP production. Immunoreactivity of the mitochondrial biogenesis marker peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator (PGC)-1α and expression of the mitochondria-associated microRNAs miR-15a, miR-181a, miR-196a, and miR-296-3p, which target several mtDNA genes, were higher in RAS-STCs compared with normal STCs, suggesting a potential modulation of mitochondria-related gene expression. These results demonstrate that RAS induces an imbalance in mtDNA- and nDNA-mitochondrial gene expression, impairing mitochondrial structure and function in swine STCs. These observations support development of gene gain- and loss-of-function strategies to ameliorate mitochondrial damage and preserve the reparative potency of STCs in patients with renal ischemia.

scholarly journals Studies on mitochondrial structure and function in Physarum polycephalum. V. Behaviour of mitochondrial nucleoids throughout mitochondrial division cycle.

1977 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Kuroiwa ◽  
S Kawano ◽  
M Hizume
Keyword(s):  
Physarum Polycephalum ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Inner Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Mitochondrial Division ◽  
Mitochondrial Structure ◽  
Mitochondrial Nucleoids ◽  
And Function ◽  
Narrow Bridge

The fine structure of mitochondria and mitochondrial nucleoids in exponentially growing Physarum polycephalum was studied at various periods throughout the mitochondrial division cycle by light and electron microscopy. The mitochondrial nucleoid elongates lingitudinally while the mitochondrion increases in size. When the nucleoid reaches a length of approximately 1.5 mum the mitochondrial membrane invaginates at the center of the mitochondrion and separates the mitochondrial contents. However, the nucleoid does not divide even when the mitochondrial sections are connected by a very narrow bridge. Just before division of the mitochondrion, the nucleoid divides by constriction of the limiting membrane of the dividing mitochondrion. After division, one end of the nucleoid appears to be associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane. The nucleoid then again becomes situated in the center of the mitochondrion before repeating these same processes.

scholarly journals Heterochronic Parabiosis: Old Blood Induces Changes in Mitochondrial Structure and Function of Young Mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny L Gonzalez-Armenta ◽  
Ning Li ◽  
Rae-Ling Lee ◽  
Baisong Lu ◽  
Anthony J A Molina
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Respiration ◽  
Complex I ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Mitochondrial Morphology ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Mitochondrial Structure ◽  
And Function ◽  
Old Mice ◽  
Young Mice

Abstract Heterochronic parabiosis models have been utilized to demonstrate the role of blood-borne circulating factors in systemic effects of aging. In previous studies, heterochronic parabiosis has shown positive effects across multiple tissues in old mice. More recently, a study demonstrated old blood had a more profound negative effect on muscle performance and neurogenesis of young mice. In this study, we used heterochronic parabiosis to test the hypothesis that circulating factors mediate mitochondrial bioenergetic decline, a well-established biological hallmark of aging. We examined mitochondrial morphology, expression of mitochondrial complexes, and mitochondrial respiration from skeletal muscle of mice connected as heterochronic pairs, as well as young and old isochronic controls. Our results indicate that young heterochronic mice had significantly lower total mitochondrial content and on average had significantly smaller mitochondria compared to young isochronic controls. Expression of complex IV followed a similar pattern: young heterochronic mice had a trend for lower expression compared to young isochronic controls. Additionally, respirometric analyses indicate that young heterochronic mice had significantly lower complex I, complex I + II, and maximal mitochondrial respiration and a trend for lower complex II-driven respiration compared to young isochronic controls. Interestingly, we did not observe significant improvements in old heterochronic mice compared to old isochronic controls, demonstrating the profound deleterious effects of circulating factors from old mice on mitochondrial structure and function. We also found no significant differences between the young and old heterochronic mice, demonstrating that circulating factors can be a driver of age-related differences in mitochondrial structure and function.

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