Short Tandem Repeat Contractions during in vitro DNA Synthesis by Repeat-Binding Molecules

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Hagihara ◽  
Chikara Dohno ◽  
Kaoru Saito ◽  
Kazuhiro Sugimoto ◽  
Yuta Hishinuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Short Tandem Repeat ◽  
Short Tandem

scholarly journals Short tandem repeat stutter model inferred from direct measurement of in vitro stutter noise

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 2436-2445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofir Raz ◽  
Tamir Biezuner ◽  
Adam Spiro ◽  
Shiran Amir ◽  
Lilach Milo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Short Tandem Repeat ◽  
Short Tandem

scholarly journals Short Tandem Repeat Expansions and RNA-Mediated Pathogenesis in Myotonic Dystrophy

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz J. Sznajder ◽  
Maurice S. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Myotonic Dystrophy ◽  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Short Tandem Repeat ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Rna Foci ◽  
Repeat Expansions ◽  
Multivalent Interactions ◽  
Short Tandem

Short tandem repeat (STR) or microsatellite, expansions underlie more than 50 hereditary neurological, neuromuscular and other diseases, including myotonic dystrophy types 1 (DM1) and 2 (DM2). Current disease models for DM1 and DM2 propose a common pathomechanism, whereby the transcription of mutant DMPK (DM1) and CNBP (DM2) genes results in the synthesis of CUG and CCUG repeat expansion (CUGexp, CCUGexp) RNAs, respectively. These CUGexp and CCUGexp RNAs are toxic since they promote the assembly of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes or RNA foci, leading to sequestration of Muscleblind-like (MBNL) proteins in the nucleus and global dysregulation of the processing, localization and stability of MBNL target RNAs. STR expansion RNAs also form phase-separated gel-like droplets both in vitro and in transiently transfected cells, implicating RNA-RNA multivalent interactions as drivers of RNA foci formation. Importantly, the nucleation and growth of these nuclear foci and transcript misprocessing are reversible processes and thus amenable to therapeutic intervention. In this review, we provide an overview of potential DM1 and DM2 pathomechanisms, followed by a discussion of MBNL functions in RNA processing and how multivalent interactions between expanded STR RNAs and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) promote RNA foci assembly.

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