Comparison of the Efficiencies of the Fused Heterocyclic Compounds, 9H-Xanthene-2,7-diols, and Related Chain-Breaking Phenolic Antioxidants

1996 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1713-1717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuo Yamamura ◽  
Takafumi Ishida ◽  
Hiroyuki Ueyama ◽  
Hirokazu Hayashida ◽  
Takuya Ishimaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Antioxidants ◽  
Chain Breaking

scholarly journals Electronic and Hydrogen Bonding Effects on the Chain-Breaking Activity of Sulfur-Containing Phenolic Antioxidants

2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (17) ◽  
pp. 6325-6332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Amorati ◽  
Maria Grazia Fumo ◽  
Stefano Menichetti ◽  
Veronica Mugnaini ◽  
Gian Franco Pedulli
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Phenolic Antioxidants ◽  
Chain Breaking ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Radical Chain Breaking Bis( ortho ‐organoselenium) Substituted Phenolic Antioxidants

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 966-973
Author(s):  
Aditya Upadhyay ◽  
Bhagat Singh Bhakuni ◽  
Rahul Meena ◽  
Sangit Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Antioxidants ◽  
Radical Chain ◽  
Chain Breaking

scholarly journals Natural Chain-Breaking Antioxidants and Their Synthetic Analogs as Modulators of Oxidative Stress

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 624
Author(s):  
Vessela D. Kancheva ◽  
Maria Antonietta Dettori ◽  
Davide Fabbri ◽  
Petko Alov ◽  
Silvia E. Angelova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Activity Relationship ◽  
Phenolic Antioxidants ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Chain Breaking

Oxidative stress is associated with the increased production of reactive oxygen species or with a significant decrease in the effectiveness of antioxidant enzymes and nonenzymatic defense. The penetration of oxygen and free radicals in the hydrophobic interior of biological membranes initiates radical disintegration of the hydrocarbon “tails” of the lipids. This process is known as “lipid peroxidation”, and the accumulation of the oxidation products as peroxides and the aldehydes and acids derived from them are often used as a measure of oxidative stress levels. In total, 40 phenolic antioxidants were selected for a comparative study and analysis of their chain-breaking antioxidant activity, and thus as modulators of oxidative stress. This included natural and natural-like ortho-methoxy and ortho-hydroxy phenols, nine of them newly synthesized. Applied experimental and theoretical methods (bulk lipid autoxidation, chemiluminescence, in silico methods such as density functional theory (DFT) and quantitative structure–activity relationship ((Q)SAR) modeling) were used to clarify their structure–activity relationship. Kinetics of non-inhibited and inhibited lipid oxidation in close connection with inhibitor transformation under oxidative stress is considered. Special attention has been paid to chemical reactions resulting in the initiation of free radicals, a key stage of oxidative stress. Effects of substituents in the side chains and in the phenolic ring of hydroxylated phenols and biphenols, and the concentration were discussed.

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