Kinetics of Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide on a Gold Electrode in Phosphate Buffer Solutions

1995 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1889-1895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidetomo Noda ◽  
Shoichiro Ikeda ◽  
Akio Yamamoto ◽  
Hisahiko Einaga ◽  
Kaname Ito
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Gold Electrode ◽  
Buffer Solutions ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals Morphogenesis and metabolism: studies with the cartesian diver ultramicromanometer IV. Respiratory quotient of the regions of the amphibian gastrula

1939 ◽  
Vol 127 (848) ◽  
pp. 374-387 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Embryonic Tissues ◽  
Buffer Solutions ◽  
Mammalian Tissues ◽  
Living Organisms

No method has so far been published for obtaining the respiratory quotient of small pieces of tissue or living organisms the total gas turnover of which in the available experimental period is likely to be of the order of 1/10 cu. mm. In the present paper we shall describe such a method and give details of the results obtained with it on single isolated pieces of the regions of the amphibian gastrula. Dixon (1934) and others have given sufficient reasons for rejecting all methods which do not determine the oxygen consumption and the production of carbon dioxide on the same piece of tissue so that the simplest method on the usual large scale is that of Dickens and Šimer (1930) in which annular cups are used. As this necessitates the use of phosphate buffer solutions, which are regarded as unphysiological for work with mammalian tissues, the later more complicated methods in which bicarbonate is employed came into general use. For the present problem, however, in which thee amphibian embryonic tissues studied remain perfectly normal in Holtfeter solution or even tap or river water, the difficulties caused by bicarbonate were avoided. At the same time, we believe that is should be by no means impossible to adapt the driver manometer to measurements of respiratory quotient even in bicarbonate medium.

Photochemical and Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide Catalyzed by a Polyoxometalate-Organic Photosensitizer Complex

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandan Dey ◽  
Ronny Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Covalent Attachment ◽  
Hybrid Complex ◽  
Open Face

<p>A manganese substituted Anderson type polyoxometalate, [MnMo<sub>6</sub>O<sub>24</sub>]<sup>9-</sup>, tethered with an anthracene photosensitizer was prepared and used as catalyst for CO<sub>2</sub> reduction. The polyoxometalate-photosensitizer hybrid complex, obtained by covalent attachment of the sensitizer to only one face of the planar polyoxometalate, was characterized by NMR, IR and mass spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry measurements show a catalytic response for the reduction of carbon dioxide, thereby suggesting catalysis at the manganese site on the open face of the polyoxometalate. Controlled potentiometric electrolysis showed the reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to CO with a TOF of ~15 sec<sup>-1</sup>. Further photochemical reactions showed that the polyoxometalate-anthracene hybrid complex was active for the reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to yield formic acid and/or CO in varying amounts dependent on the reducing agent used. Control experiments showed that the attachment of the photosensitizer to [MnMo<sub>6</sub>O<sub>24</sub>]<sup>9-</sup> is necessary for photocatalysis.</p><div><br></div>

Viral inactivation by potassium ferrate

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 165-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Futaba Kazama
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Potassium Ferrate ◽  
Sodium Thiosulphate ◽  
Viral Inactivation ◽  
Complete Decomposition ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Oxidative Intermediate

The kinetics of inactivation by potassium ferrate were studied using a bacteriophage, F-specific RNA-coliphage Qβ as a viral model. The inactivation appeared to be expressed by Hom's model in phosphate buffer at pH 6, 7, and 8. The rate of inactivation depended on pH; the lower pH, the faster inactivation observed. To consider the mechanism by which ferrate caused inactivation, the efficiency of inactivation was checked after ferrate decomposition in buffer. Effective inactivation following Hom's model was also observed after the complete decomposition of ferrate ion; however, the efficiency of that inactivation disappeared by the addition of sodium thiosulphate, suggesting that rather long-lived oxidative intermediate was generated by the decomposition of ferrate ion. The intermediate might take part in the inactivation.

Kinetics of temperature-programmed reactivation of a hydrodesulphurization catalyst

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 3340-3355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Fott ◽  
Pavel Šebesta
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Diffusion Region ◽  
Reaction Heat ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
Kinetics Of

The kinetic parameters of reactivation of a carbonized hydrodesulphurization (HDS) catalyst by air were evaluated from combined thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) data. In addition, the gaseous products leaving a temperature-programmed reactor with a thin layer of catalyst were analyzed chromatographically. Two exothermic processes were found to take part in the reactivation, and their kinetics were described by 1st order equations. In the first process (180-400 °C), sulphur in Co and Mo sulphides is oxidized to sulphur dioxide; in the second process (300-540 °C), in which the essential portion of heat is produced, the deposited carbon is oxidized to give predominantly carbon dioxide. If the reaction heat is not removed efficiently enough, ignition of the catalyst takes place, which is associated with a transition to the diffusion region. The application of the obtained kinetic parameters to modelling a temperature-programmed reactivation is illustrated on the case of a single particle.

An overview of flow cell architectures design and optimization for electrochemical CO2 reduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dui Ma ◽  
Ting Jin ◽  
Keyu Xie ◽  
Haitao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Flow Cell ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Electrochemical Co2 Reduction ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Levels

Converting CO2 into value-added fuels or chemical feedstocks through electrochemical reduction is one of the several promising avenues to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and alleviate global warming. This approach...

Metal-organic frameworks for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide: The role of metal centers

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 156-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Shao ◽  
Luocai Yi ◽  
Shumei Chen ◽  
Tianhua Zhou ◽  
Jian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Metal Centers ◽  
Metal Organic
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