scholarly journals Oxidation of Coals in Liquid Phases. X. Mechanism of the Cleavage of Benzenecarboxylic Acids to Oxalic Acid and Carbon Dioxide by the Base-Catalyzed Oxygen-Oxidation

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuji Ichinose ◽  
Akitsugu Okuwaki
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Liquid Phases ◽  
Oxygen Oxidation ◽  
Benzenecarboxylic Acids

scholarly journals Formation Pathway of Oxalic Acid in the Oxidation of Yallourn Coal by Oxygen -Oxidation of Coals in Liquid Phases. VI.-

1984 ◽  
pp. 1418-1424
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki SUTOH ◽  
Hiromi OIKUBO ◽  
Akitsugu OKUWAKI ◽  
Akira AMANO ◽  
Taijiro OKABE
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Formation Pathway ◽  
Liquid Phases ◽  
Oxygen Oxidation

scholarly journals Gliwice Radiocarbon Dates IV

Radiocarbon ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wlodzimierz Moscicki ◽  
Anna Pazdur ◽  
Mieczyslaw F Pazdur ◽  
Andrzej Zastawny
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Counting Rate ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Proportional Counters

All samples described in this date list have been measured since July 1973 to Oct 1975 using carbon dioxide filled proportional counters. Most of samples have been dated with Counter No. 1 (LI) as in our previous list (Mościcki and Zastawny, 1976). Some samples were measured with Counter No. 3 (L3), with a total volume of 1.51 and background and NBS oxalic acid standard counting rate of respectively, 3.50 or 4.00 cpm and 10.05 or 20.40 cpm when filled to 1 or 2 atm pressure (Mościcki and Zastawny, 1977).

scholarly journals Gliwice Radiocarbon Dates VII

Radiocarbon ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Pazdur ◽  
Romuald Awsiuk ◽  
Andrzej Bluszcz ◽  
Mieczysław F Pazdur ◽  
Adam Walanus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Proportional Counter ◽  
Isotopic Fractionation ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Unknown Sample ◽  
Proportional Counters ◽  
Typical Measurement ◽  
Contemporary Standard

The following list contains the measurements of archaeologic samples made during 1978 and 1979 using carbon-dioxide-filled proportional counters. Most of the samples were dated with counter No. 3 (L3) filled to 1 or 2 atm pressure (Mościcki and Zastawny, 1977). Our counter No. 1 (L1) previously described (Mościcki and Zastawny, 1976) has been remounted and is now operating at 2 atm pressure of carbon dioxide. Samples measured with this counter have date numbers starting with Gd-1000. Parameters of proportional counters are listed in Table 1. Our transistorized electronics is being gradually replaced by more compact integrated-circuit electronics in CAMAC system (Bluszcz and Walanus, 1980). Counts from proportional counter and guard counters are recorded in 5 channels and punched every 100 minutes. Typical measurement of any sample, including background and oxalic acid samples, consists of a series of 20 to 25 partial measurements. Partial results obtained in such series are analyzed on ODRA 1325 computer at the Computing Centre of the Silesian Technical University according to code C14C written in ALGOL (Pazdur and Walanus, 1979). Age calculations are based on contemporary value equal to 0.95 of the activity of NBS oxalic acid standard and on the Libby value for the half-life of radiocarbon. Ages are reported as conventional radiocarbon dates in years before ad 1950. Corrections for isotopic fractionation in nature are made only for some samples with indicated values of δ13C Errors quoted (±1σ) include estimated overall standard deviations of count rates of the unknown sample, contemporary standard, and background (Pazdur and Walanus, 1979).

Nitration of carbonic, sulfuric and oxalic acid-derived amides in liquid carbon dioxide

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya V. Kuchurov ◽  
Igor V. Fomenkov ◽  
Sergei G. Zlotin ◽  
Vladimir A. Tartakovsky
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Liquid Carbon ◽  
Liquid Carbon Dioxide

Carbon dioxide absorption to rheologically complex liquid phases

2009 ◽  
Vol 149 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Gómez-Díaz ◽  
José M. Navaza
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Absorption ◽  
Liquid Phases ◽  
Complex Liquid

ChemInform Abstract: Nitration of Carbonic, Sulfuric and Oxalic Acid-Derived Amides in Liquid Carbon Dioxide.

ChemInform ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (31) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
Ilya V. Kuchurov ◽  
Igor V. Fomenkov ◽  
Sergei G. Zlotin ◽  
Vladimir A. Tartakovsky
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Liquid Carbon ◽  
Liquid Carbon Dioxide

The oxidation of gaseous glyoxal

1965 ◽  
Vol 288 (1412) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Product Analysis ◽  
Glyoxalic Acid ◽  
Induced Decomposition ◽  
Two Stages

The oxidation of gaseous glyoxal has been studied at temperatures between 290 and 370 °C both manometrically and by detailed product analysis. The reaction has been shown to occur in two stages; in the first, glyoxal reacts to give mainly carbon monoxide and glyoxalic acid and in the second, glyoxalic acid is subject to further oxidation to oxalic acid, hydrogen peroxide, carbon dioxide and water. Of the two previous investigations of the reaction, that of Steacie, Hatcher & Horwood (1935 a ) has been shown to have been concerned with the first stage and in the other (Newitt, Baxt & Kelkar 1939), carried out at ignition temperatures, the reaction proceeded through both stages. The oxidation is accompanied by an oxygen induced decomposition and a mechanism similar to that proposed by one of us (Axford & Norrish 1948) for the oxidation of formaldehyde, involving OH, CHO and HO 2 radicals has been developed and shown to account satisfactorily for the observed facts.

Fluorous Phases and Compressed Carbon Dioxide as Alternative Solvents for Chemical Synthesis: A Comparison

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Leitner
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Liquid Phases ◽  
Synthetic Procedure ◽  
Reaction Media

The principal goal of basic research in chemical synthesis is the development of efficient tools for functional group transformations and for the assembly of building blocks during the construction of molecules with increasing complexity. Traditionally, new approaches in this area have focused on the quest for new reaction pathways, reagents, or catalysts. Comparably less effort has been devoted to utilize the reaction medium as a strategic parameter, although the use of solvents is often crucial in synthetically useful transformations. The first choice for a solvent during the development of a synthetic procedure is usually an organic liquid, which is selected on the basis of its protic or aprotic nature, its polarity, and the temperature range in which the reaction is expected to proceed. Once the desired transformation is achieved, yield and selectivity are further optimized in the given medium by variation of temperature, concentration, and related process parameters. At the end of the reaction, the solvent must be removed quantitatively from the product using conventional workup techniques like aqueous extraction, distillation, or chromatography. If the synthetic procedure becomes part of a large-scale application, the solvent can sometimes be recycled, but at least parts of it will ultimately end up in the waste stream of the process. Increasing efforts to develop chemical processes with minimized ecological impact and to reduce the emission of potentially hazardous or toxic organic chemicals have stimulated a rapidly growing interest to provide alternatives to this classical approach of synthesis in solution. At the same time, researchers have started to realize that the design and utilization of multifunctional reaction media can add a new dimension to the development of synthetic chemistry. In particular, efficient protocols for phase separations and recovery of reagents and catalysts are urgently required to provide innovative flow schemes for environmentally benign processes or for high-throughput screening procedures. Fluorous liquid phases and supercritical carbon dioxide (sc CO2) have received particular attention among the various reaction media that are discussed as alternatives to classical organic solvents. The aim of this chapter is to compare these two media directly and to critically evaluate their potential for synthetic organic chemistry.

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