scholarly journals Structure, Properties, and Na+Transport Membrane of Polyelectrolyte Complexes Consisting of Glycol Chitosan and Poly(vinyl sulfate)

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 375-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuo Kikuchi ◽  
Naoji Kubota
Keyword(s):  
Na Transport ◽  
Glycol Chitosan ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Complexes ◽  
Structure Properties

scholarly journals Protein–Polyelectrolyte Complexes and Micellar Assemblies

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gao ◽  
Holkar ◽  
Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Complex ◽  
Patchy Distribution ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Complexes ◽  
Wrong Side ◽  
Complex Micelles ◽  
Structure Properties

In this review, we highlight the recent progress in our understanding of the structure, properties and applications of protein–polyelectrolyte complexes in both bulk and micellar assemblies. Protein–polyelectrolyte complexes form the basis of the genetic code, enable facile protein purification, and have emerged as enterprising candidates for simulating protocellular environments and as efficient enzymatic bioreactors. Such complexes undergo self-assembly in bulk due to a combined influence of electrostatic interactions and entropy gains from counterion release. Diversifying the self-assembly by incorporation of block polyelectrolytes has further enabled fabrication of protein–polyelectrolyte complex micelles that are multifunctional carriers for therapeutic targeted delivery of proteins such as enzymes and antibodies. We discuss research efforts focused on the structure, properties and applications of protein–polyelectrolyte complexes in both bulk and micellar assemblies, along with the influences of amphoteric nature of proteins accompanying patchy distribution of charges leading to unique phenomena including multiple complexation windows and complexation on the wrong side of the isoelectric point.

Trace nanoanalysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 940-941
Author(s):  
D. E. Newbury ◽  
R. D. Leapman
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Volume Element ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Trace Constituents ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Concentration Levels ◽  
Structure Properties

Trace constituents, which can be very loosely defined as those present at concentration levels below 1 percent, often exert influence on structure, properties, and performance far greater than what might be estimated from their proportion alone. Defining the role of trace constituents in the microstructure, or indeed even determining their location, makes great demands on the available array of microanalytical tools. These demands become increasingly more challenging as the dimensions of the volume element to be probed become smaller. For example, a cubic volume element of silicon with an edge dimension of 1 micrometer contains approximately 5×1010 atoms. High performance secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) can be used to measure trace constituents to levels of hundreds of parts per billion from such a volume element (e. g., detection of at least 100 atoms to give 10% reproducibility with an overall detection efficiency of 1%, considering ionization, transmission, and counting).

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