scholarly journals Base-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Acetylcholine Chloride in the Presence of Cationic and Nonionic Surfactants

1986 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Nakagaki ◽  
Shoko Yokoyama
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Acetylcholine Chloride ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Dual Effect of Nonionic Surfactants on Improving the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulose

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 5951-5959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Wang ◽  
Xinshu Zhuang ◽  
Xuesong Tan ◽  
Qiong Wang ◽  
Xiaoyan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Dual Effect ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

STEREOSPECIFICITY IN THE ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF TABUN AND ACETYL-β-METHYLCHOLINE CHLORIDE

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 963-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. G. Hoskin ◽  
G. S. Trick
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Brain Homogenate ◽  
Serum Enzyme ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Bicarbonate Buffer ◽  
First Order ◽  
Acetylcholine Chloride ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Enzyme Source

The hydrolysis of the powerful cholinesterase inhibitor, tabun, at pH 7 to 7.5 by a rat serum enzyme in bicarbonate buffer involves two simultaneous first-order reactions. A fast, enzyme-catalyzed reaction destroys the toxic dextrorotatory isomer of tabun. The much slower hydrolysis of the levorotatory and apparently non-toxic isomer is probably a non-enzymatic reaction. The enzymatic hydrolysis of acetyl-dl-β-methylcholine chloride by a rat brain homogenate has been studied as a model reaction. Only one-half of the racemic compound is hydrolyzed in contrast to the complete hydrolysis of acetylcholine chloride by the same enzyme source. These results and the results of toxicity studies on the hydrolyzing solution indicate that true cholinesterase hydrolyzes only the dextrorotatory isomer of acetyl-dl-β-methylcholine chloride.

STEREOSPECIFICITY IN THE ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF TABUN AND ACETYL-β-METHYLCHOLINE CHLORIDE

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 963-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. G. Hoskin ◽  
G. S. Trick
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Brain Homogenate ◽  
Serum Enzyme ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Bicarbonate Buffer ◽  
First Order ◽  
Acetylcholine Chloride ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Enzyme Source

The hydrolysis of the powerful cholinesterase inhibitor, tabun, at pH 7 to 7.5 by a rat serum enzyme in bicarbonate buffer involves two simultaneous first-order reactions. A fast, enzyme-catalyzed reaction destroys the toxic dextrorotatory isomer of tabun. The much slower hydrolysis of the levorotatory and apparently non-toxic isomer is probably a non-enzymatic reaction. The enzymatic hydrolysis of acetyl-dl-β-methylcholine chloride by a rat brain homogenate has been studied as a model reaction. Only one-half of the racemic compound is hydrolyzed in contrast to the complete hydrolysis of acetylcholine chloride by the same enzyme source. These results and the results of toxicity studies on the hydrolyzing solution indicate that true cholinesterase hydrolyzes only the dextrorotatory isomer of acetyl-dl-β-methylcholine chloride.

Effects of Surfactants on the Activity of Acid Cellulase Enzyme

2013 ◽  
Vol 821-822 ◽  
pp. 527-530
Author(s):  
Gang Huang ◽  
Rui Hong Jiang ◽  
Yong Tang Jia
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Ionic Surfactants ◽  
Fatty Amine ◽  
Polyoxyethylene Ether ◽  
Cellulase Enzyme ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis Of Cellulose ◽  
Hydrolysis Of Cellulose ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Effects of several surfactants on the activity of acid cellulase enzyme were studied in this paper. The results show that addition of ionic surfactants to the enzyme decrease the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose sodium, while nonionic surfactants increase the activity of the enzyme. Among the surfactants examined, fatty amine polyoxyethylene ether (AC-1860) was the most effective. In the presence of 0.5 wt % of AC-1860, the activity of acid cellulose enzyme increased by 25.8%. This finding could lead to a reduction in the enzyme requirement for cellulose utilization.

scholarly journals Influence of Ethylene Oxide Content in Nonionic Surfactant to the Hydrolysis of Reactive Dye in Silicone Non-Aqueous Dyeing System

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiping Wang ◽  
Yongbo Zhang ◽  
Huashu Dou ◽  
Liujun Pei
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Intermolecular Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Vinyl Sulfone ◽  
Hydrolytic Reaction ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Ethylene Oxide Content

Silicone reverse dyeing technology provides an important means of saving water and salts-free in the textile dyeing industry. The interactions between dyes and surfactants may influence the hydrolysis of dye during dyeing. In this investigation, the effect of ethylene oxide content in nonionic surfactant on the hydrolytic reaction of reactive dye was firstly investigated in a siloxane reverse emulsion dyeing system. Compared with no surfactants, the hydrolytic reaction of vinyl sulfone reactive dye was a slowdown when some nonionic surfactants were used during dyeing. Usually, the hydrophobic groups in nonionic surfactants were dodecyl chains but their polar head groups were different. The hydrolytic reaction of vinyl sulfone dye showed that the longer of EO (ethylene oxide) chains, the faster the hydrolytic reaction of vinyl sulfone dye. From the absorption spectrum of dye, it could be concluded that more of dyes would be solubilized into the formed micelles, and dye-surfactant complexes were adhered to the surface of micelles if the molecular structure of surfactant had a shorter EO chains. Furthermore, the intramolecular or intermolecular hydrogen bond could be formed between dye and surfactant, which would further influence the hydrolytic reaction of vinyl sulfone dye. However, the solubility of surfactant in siloxane non-aqueous media would decrease with the increase of EO chains. Meanwhile, the dispersion of dye was enhanced as well as the hydrolytic reaction of dye. From this investigation, some surfactant can be used to improve the fixation of reactive dye during dyeing. Furthermore, washing times after dyeing and the ecological problems can be decreased.

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