scholarly journals Enthalpies of Transfer of Monovalent Ions from Water to Water–Acetonitrile Mixtures

1983 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1861-1862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Miyaji ◽  
Kenichi Morinaga
Keyword(s):  
Enthalpies Of Transfer ◽  
Monovalent Ions

scholarly journals Impact of tailored water chemistry aqueous ions on foam stability enhancement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuhair AlYousef ◽  
Subhash Ayirala ◽  
Majed Almubarak ◽  
Dongkyu Cha
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Foam Generation ◽  
Monovalent Ions ◽  
Injection Water ◽  
Foam Stabilization ◽  
Aqueous Ions ◽  
The Impact

AbstractGenerating strong and stable foam is necessary to achieve in-depth conformance control in the reservoir. Besides other parameters, the chemistry of injection water can significantly impact foam generation and stabilization. The tailored water chemistry was found to have good potential to improve foam stability. The objective of this study is to extensively evaluate the effect of different aqueous ions in the selected tailored water chemistry formulations on foam stabilization. Bulk and dynamic foam experiments were used to evaluate the impact of different tailored water chemistry aqueous ions on foam generation and stabilization. For bulk foam tests, the stability of foams generated using three surfactants and different aqueous ions was analyzed using bottle tests. For dynamic foam experiments, the tests were conducted using a microfluidic device. The results clearly demonstrated that the ionic content of aqueous solutions can significantly affect foam stabilization. The results revealed that the foam stabilization in bulk is different than that in porous media. Depending on the surfactant type, the divalent ions were found to have stronger influence on foam stabilization when compared to monovalent ions. The bulk foam results pointed out that the aqueous solutions containing calcium chloride salt (CaCl2) showed longer foam life with the anionic surfactant and very weak foam with the nonionic surfactant. The solutions with magnesium chloride (MgCl2) and CaCl2 salts displayed higher impact on foam stability in comparison with sodium chloride (NaCl) with the amphoteric alkyl amine surfactant. Less stable foams were generated with aqueous solutions comprising of both magnesium and calcium ions. In the microfluidic model, the solutions containing MgCl2 showed higher resistance to gas flow and subsequently higher mobility reduction factor for the injection gas when compared to those produced using NaCl and CaCl2 salts. This experimental study focusing about the role of different aqueous ions in the injection water on foam could help in better understanding the foam stabilization process. The new knowledge gained can also enable the selection and optimization of the right injection water chemistry and suitable chemicals for foam field applications.

scholarly journals Parameterization of Monovalent Ions for the OPC3, OPC, TIP3P-FB, and TIP4P-FB Water Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 869-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkajyoti Sengupta ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
Lin Frank Song ◽  
Pengfei Li ◽  
Kenneth M. Merz
Keyword(s):  
Monovalent Ions ◽  
Water Models

Concentration of MgSO4 in the intestinal lumen of Opsanus beta limits osmoregulation in response to acute hypersalinity stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (4) ◽  
pp. R895-R909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Genz ◽  
M. Danielle McDonald ◽  
Martin Grosell
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Ambient Seawater ◽  
Opsanus Beta ◽  
Monovalent Ions ◽  
Ureteral Catheters ◽  
Tidal Pools

Marine teleosts constantly lose water to their surrounding environment, a problem exacerbated in fish exposed to salinity higher than normal seawater. Some fish undergo hypersaline exposures in their natural environments, such as short- and long-term increases in salinity occurring in small tidal pools and other isolated basins, lakes, or entire estuaries. Regardless of the degree of hypersalinity in the ambient water, intestinal absorption of monovalent ions drives water uptake to compensate for water loss, concentrating impermeable MgSO4 in the lumen. This study considers the potential of luminal [MgSO4] to limit intestinal water absorption, and therefore osmoregulation, in hypersalinity. The overall tolerance and physiological response of toadfish ( Opsanus beta) to hypersalinity exposure were examined. In vivo, fish in hypersaline waters containing artificially low [MgSO4] displayed significantly lower osmolality in both plasma and intestinal fluids, and increased survival at 85 parts per thousand, indicating improved osmoregulatory ability than in fish exposed to hypersalinity with ionic ratios similar to naturally occurring ratios. Intestinal sac preparations revealed that in addition to the osmotic pressure difference across the epithelium, the luminal ionic composition influenced the absorption of Na+, Cl−, and water. Hypersalinity exposure increased urine flow rates in fish fitted with ureteral catheters regardless of ionic composition of the ambient seawater, but it had no effect on urine osmolality or pH. Overall, concentrated MgSO4 within the intestinal lumen, rather than renal or branchial factors, is the primary limitation for osmoregulation by toadfish in hypersaline environments.

scholarly journals A Two-Scale Computational Model of pH-Sensitive Expansive Porous Media

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranena V. Ponce F. ◽  
Márcio A. Murad ◽  
Sidarta A. Lima
Keyword(s):  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Bulk Solution ◽  
Neumann Condition ◽  
Pore Scale ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Layer Potential ◽  
Bulk Fluid ◽  
Monovalent Ions

We propose a new two-scale model to compute the swelling pressure in colloidal systems with microstructure sensitive to pH changes from an outer bulk fluid in thermodynamic equilibrium with the electrolyte solution in the nanopores. The model is based on establishing the microscopic pore scale governing equations for a biphasic porous medium composed of surface charged macromolecules saturated by the aqueous electrolyte solution containing four monovalent ions (Na+,Cl-,H+,OH-). Ion exchange reactions occur at the surface of the particles leading to a pH-dependent surface charge density, giving rise to a nonlinear Neumann condition for the Poisson–Boltzmann problem for the electric double layer potential. The homogenization procedure, based on formal matched asymptotic expansions, is applied to up-scale the pore-scale model to the macroscale. Modified forms of Terzaghi's effective stress principle and mass balance of the solid phase, including a disjoining stress tensor and electrochemical compressibility, are rigorously derived from the upscaling procedure. New constitutive laws are constructed for these quantities incorporating the pH-dependency. The two-scale model is discretized by the finite element method and applied to numerically simulate a free swelling experiment induced by chemical stimulation of the external bulk solution.

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