scholarly journals Prediction of Adsorbability of Organic Compounds from Aqueous Solution on Activated Carbon by Means of the Linear Free-energy Relationship

1983 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1002-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikuo Abe ◽  
Katsumi Hayashi ◽  
Mutsuo Kitagawa ◽  
Tsuneaki Hirashima
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Linear Free Energy Relationship ◽  
Linear Free Energy

Vanadium(V) oxyanions. The dependence of vanadate alkyl ester formation on the pKa of the parent alcohols

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 2294-2298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan S. Tracey ◽  
Bruno Galeffi ◽  
Soroush Mahjour
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Linear Free Energy Relationship ◽  
Alkyl Esters ◽  
Linear Free Energy ◽  
Ester Formation ◽  
Interesting Correlation ◽  
Extra Electron

The interaction of vanadate (VO4H21−) with a variety of alkyl alcohol's (ROH) covering about seven pKa units of acidity have been studied in aqueous solution by 51V nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A linear free energy relationship between the equilibrium constant for the formation of the vanadate monoester (HOVO3R1−) and the acidity of the alcohol was established at 23 °C. The correlation was found to be [Formula: see text] where K = [HOVO3R1−]/[VO4H21−][ROH]. This correlation was shown not to extend to ligands with π-bonding capability such as phenols or phosphates, where the products are highly favoured relative to the alkyl esters. An interesting correlation between pKa values of the product esters and the pKa of the parent alcohols was also observed. It was found that below a [Formula: see text] of about 15 the pKa values of the esters were essentially constant. However, above this value of 15 the pKa of the ester was found to increase rapidly with an increase in pKa of the alcohol. This result may indicate that the electron accepting ability of the metal is exhausted with the higher pKa alcohols, and the extra electron density is transferred to the oxygens, thus causing an increase in pKa of the ester.

Synthesis and characterization of a series of 1-methyl-4-[2-aryl-1-diazenyl]piperazines and a series of ethyl 4-[2-aryl-1-diazenyl]-1-piperazinecarboxylates

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 1294-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Renée Little ◽  
Keith Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Linear Free Energy Relationship ◽  
Piperazine Ring ◽  
Linear Free Energy ◽  
In Series ◽  
Methylene Groups ◽  
Diazonium Coupling ◽  
The Difference

1-Methylpiperazine was coupled with a series of diazonium salts to afford the 1-methyl-4-[2-aryl-1-diazenyl]piperazines (2), a new series of triazenes, which have been characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Assignment of the chemical shifts to specific protons and carbons in the piperazine ring was facilitated by comparison with the chemical shifts in the model compounds piperazine and 1-methylpiperazine and by a HETCOR experiment with the p-tolyl derivative (2i). A DEPT experiment with 1-methylpiperazine (6) was necessary to distinguish the methyl and methylene groups in 6, and a HETCOR spectrum of 6 enabled the correlation of proton and carbon chemical shifts. Line broadening of the signals from the ring methylene protons is attributed to restricted rotation around the N2-N3 bond of the triazene moiety in 2. The second series of triazenes, the ethyl 4-[2-phenyl-1-diazenyl]-1-piperazinecarboxylates (3), have been prepared by similar diazonium coupling to ethyl 1-piperazinecarboxylate and were similarly characterized. The chemical shifts of the piperazine ring protons are much closer together in series 3 than in series 2, resulting in distortion of the multiplets for these methylenes. It was noticed that the difference between these chemical shifts in 3 exhibited a linear free energy relationship with the Hammett substituent constants for the substituents in the aryl ring. Key words: triazene, piperazine, diazonium coupling, NMR, HETCOR, linear free energy relationship.

Absorption Spectra of Substituted 2-Phenylindan-1,3-Dion-2-YL Radicals in Solution

1983 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1337-1341
Author(s):  
J. Zechner ◽  
N. Getoff ◽  
I. Timtcheva ◽  
F. Fratev ◽  
St. Minchef
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Flash Photolysis ◽  
Bathochromic Shift ◽  
Substitution Effects ◽  
Linear Free Energy Relationship ◽  
Linear Free Energy

Abstract Flash photolysis of a series of 2-phenylindandione-1,3 derivatives substituted in the 4′ position results in both the formation of stable benzylidenephthalides and of phenylindan-1,3-dion-2-yl radicals. The u. v. absorption maxima of these radicals are dependent on the solvent and show a bathochromic shift upon substitution. These substitution effects were correlated by means of a linear free energy relationship. Attempts were made to draw conclusions concerning the changes in the gap of the states involved and their curvature due to substitution.

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