scholarly journals Mixed Monolayers of Long Normal Chain Fatty Acids with Long Normal Chain Fatty Alcohols

1978 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 690-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirosi Matuo ◽  
Kimio Hiromoto ◽  
Kinsi Motomura ◽  
Ryohei Matuura
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Alcohols ◽  
Mixed Monolayers ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Effects of long-chain fatty acids and fatty alcohols on the growth of Streptococcus mutans.

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 3507-3510 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASAO HATTORI ◽  
KUMI MIYACHI ◽  
SUMITRA HADA ◽  
NOBUKO KAKIUCHI ◽  
FUMIYUKI KIUCHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Fatty Alcohols ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Extractives in bark of different conifer species growing in Pakistan

Holzforschung ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Willför ◽  
Mumtaz Ali ◽  
Maarit Karonen ◽  
Markku Reunanen ◽  
Mohammad Arfan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
Fatty Alcohols ◽  
Pinus Roxburghii ◽  
Cedrus Deodara ◽  
Free Sterols ◽  
Steryl Esters ◽  
Common Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract The amount and composition of lipophilic and hydrophilic extractives, including proanthocyanidins, has been analysed as a first screening in the bark of six Pakistani coniferous tree species, namely Pinus wallichiana, Pinus roxburghii, Pinus gerardiana, Abies pindrow, Taxus fuana and Cedrus deodara. The predominant lipophilic extractives were common fatty and resin acids, fatty alcohols and sterols. In all bark samples, short-chain fatty acids were more abundant than long-chain fatty acids. Generally, the amount of free fatty acids was also larger than the amount of triglycerides. Oleic acid was the most common fatty acid, except in C. deodara, where lignoceric acid dominated. The largest amounts of fatty acids and fatty alcohols were found in P. wallichiana and P. gerardiana. P. gerardiana contained an exceptionally large amount of resin acids, approximately 3% of the bark weight, compared to the other species. The amount of free sterols was approximately at the same level or larger than the amount of steryl esters in most samples. In addition to proanthocyanidins, different known lignans, stilbenes, ferulates and flavonoids were generally predominant amongst the hydrophilic extractives. Resveratrol glycoside was abundant in P. wallichiana, while C. deodara and P. gerardiana contained large amounts of lignans and lignan derivatives. All bark extracts contained large amounts of proanthocyanidin-related catechin and its derivatives. Furthermore, C. deodara and P. roxburghii contained quite large amounts of taxifolin. In particular, P. wallichiana and A. pindrow are potential rich sources of proanthocyanidins, representing approximately 16% and 5% of the bark weight, respectively.

The potential of long-chain fatty alcohols and long-chain fatty acids as diet composition markers: development of methods for quantitative analysis and faecal recoveries of these compounds in sheep fed mixed diets

2004 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. M. ALI ◽  
R. W. MAYES ◽  
C. S. LAMB ◽  
B. L. HECTOR ◽  
A. K. VERMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Fatty Alcohols ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Previous investigations have shown that the long-chain fatty alcohols and long-chain fatty acids of plant waxes have potential as diet composition markers. This study was conducted to measure faecal recoveries of long-chain fatty alcohols (C20–C30) and long-chain fatty acids (C20–C32) in sheep fed mixed diets. Methodology for quantitative analysis of these compounds in feed and faeces is also presented. The method was an extension of the original n-alkane method of Mayes et al. (1986) in which separate hydrocarbon (n-alkanes, n-alkenes and branched-chain alkanes), alcohol (free+esterified) and acid (free+esterified) fractions could be obtained from a single sample. A fraction containing alcohols and sterols was eluted from the silica gel column after removal of the hydrocarbons. Sterols were removed from alcohols using aminopropyl solid-phase extraction columns. Alcohols were converted to their trimethylsilyl (TMS) ethers and run on a gas chromatograph (GC). Acids were extracted from the aqueous phase of saponification products after removal of hydrocarbons, alcohols and sterols, purified through silica gel columns and were converted into their methyl esters (FAMES) prior to analysis on a GC. Tests were carried out to evaluate the reproducibility of the results obtained from the analytical method developed for quantifying alcohols and acids. Twelve sheep, in metabolism crates, were offered (0·8 kg DM/animal/day) four different mixtures of hill grass (Agrostis capillaris), birch (Betula pendula) leaves and current season's growth of heather (Calluna vulgaris) and bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) for 17 days. Total daily faeces and feed refusals collections were carried out over the last 7 days. Faeces collections were bulked for each animal. Representative samples of feed, refusals and faeces were analysed for alcohols and acids using the described method. Faecal recoveries of alcohols and acids were calculated from the ratio of output and input of each marker. The results showed high, though incomplete, faecal recoveries for both alcohols and acids. Alcohols had consistently higher faecal recoveries compared with acids. Mean (±S.E.) faecal recovery values for alcohols C20, C22, C24, C26, C28 and C30 were 0·58±0·04, 0·67±0·01, 0·72±0·008, 0·80±0·007, 0·94±0·005 and 1·01±0·02, respectively, whereas those of acids C20, C22, C24, C26, C28, C30and C32 were 0·47±0·02, 0·57±0·02, 0·61±0·02, 0·77±0·017, 0·84±0·01, 0·79±0·015 and 0·84±0·013, respectively. Increasing chain-length had a significant effect (P<0·05) on the recoveries of both alcohols and acids (R2=0·808, 0·741, respectively). Different dietary plant mixtures had no effect (P>0·05) on the recoveries of alcohols and acids in faeces.

The possible use of n-alkanes, long-chain fatty alcohols and long-chain fatty acids as markers in studies of the botanical composition of the diet of free-ranging herbivores

2005 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. M. ALI ◽  
R. W. MAYES ◽  
B. L. HECTOR ◽  
A. K. VERMA ◽  
E. R. ØRSKOV
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Fatty Alcohols ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Few methods exist for estimating quantitatively the diet composition of free-ranging herbivores. The current study examined whether long-chain fatty alcohols (alcohols) or long-chain fatty acids (acids) could be used along with n-alkanes to allow reliable diet composition estimates to be made in herbivores consuming complex diets. Twelve Scottish Blackface wether sheep housed in metabolism crates were fed four different mixtures of three plant species (three animals per mixture) for a seven-period experiment. Concentrations of cuticular wax n-alkanes, alcohols and acids were estimated in samples of individual plant species, and the faeces from animals that consumed mixtures of these species. These concentrations were then used to calculate the dietary proportions of each species by a least-squares optimization procedure. To explore the differences between the estimation methods (individual markers and their combinations), the mean squares of errors (EMS) between the actual and predicted proportions of plant species were calculated.In three out of the four mixtures, alcohols had the lowest discrepancies (lowest EMS values), followed by n-alkanes and then acids. Acids yielded the lowest discrepancy in one mixture and the highest in the others.It is concluded that, for this particular set of mixtures, alcohols had great potential to estimate composition of complex diets. However, the estimation using acids was less good and n-alkanes were of intermediate potential. Estimation from the combination of the three marker classes was always better than using the poorest individual marker.

The possible use of n-alkanes, long-chain fatty alcohols and long-chain fatty acids as markers in studies of the botanical composition of the diet of free-ranging herbivores

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 155-155
Author(s):  
H. A. M. Ali ◽  
R. W. Mayes ◽  
B. L. Hector ◽  
E. R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Fatty Alcohols ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Plant Wax ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Made In ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Few methods exist for quantitatively estimating the diet composition of free-ranging herbivores. Because their patterns differ between species, plant n-alkanes have been successfully used as faecal markers to estimate the botanical composition of simple diets, however, the reliability of this methods may decline as the number of dietary plant species increases (Dove and Mayes, 1996). The objective of this study was to examine whether additional plant-wax compounds, such as long-chain fatty alcohols (Alc) or long–chain fatty acids (Ac) could be used along with n-alkanes (Alk) to allow reliable diet composition estimates to be made in herbivores consuming complex diets.

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