scholarly journals Effect of Halogens on the Ionization of Alkali Metals in the Hydrogen Flame Ionization Detector for Ultra-Micro Analysis of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals

1973 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 830-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Yamada ◽  
Shigetaka Suzuki ◽  
Shun Araki
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Alkaline Earth Metals ◽  
Flame Ionization Detector ◽  
Ionization Detector ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Hydrogen Flame ◽  
Micro Analysis

scholarly journals Ultra-micro analysis of alkali and alkaline earth metals by hydrogen flame ionization method combined with chromatographic separation

1968 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 847-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun ARAKI ◽  
Shigetaka SUZUKI ◽  
Toshiyuki HOBO ◽  
Tsuguchika YOSHIDA ◽  
Kimihiko YOSHIZAKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromatographic Separation ◽  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Alkaline Earth Metals ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Ionization Method ◽  
Hydrogen Flame ◽  
Micro Analysis

Determination of Phenothiazine and Several of its Derivatives by Gas-Liquid Chromatography

1966 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 857-859
Author(s):  
C L Bramlett
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Flame Ionization Detector ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chromatographic Technique ◽  
Ionization Detector ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Hydrogen Flame

Abstract Phenothiazine, promethazine.HCl, chlorpromazine. HCl, promazine.HCl, and levomepromazine. HCl were chromatographed satisfactorily on a column containing 5% Apiezon L coated on Anakrom ABS, 100/110 mesh, using a hydrogen-flame ionization detector. This gas chromatographic technique is rapid and more specific than existing official methods. The use of an internal standard to improve precision will be investigated.

A comparison of hydrocarbon and alkali metal response in the flame ionization detector used in subcritical water chromatography

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
pp. 784-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea F. Scott ◽  
Kevin B. Thurbide ◽  
Danica Quickfall
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Flame Ionization Detector ◽  
Ionization Detector ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Mobile Phases ◽  
Subcritical Water Chromatography

The flame ionization detector (FID) response toward alkali metals and hydrocarbons was compared. Optimal hydrogen flame gas flow rates were found near 40 mL/min for hydrocarbon response and 80 mL/min for alkali response. While each displayed a linear FID response, alkali metals produced several orders of magnitude greater detector sensitivity than hydrocarbons. Of note, KCl, NaCl, LiCl, and ethanol yielded respective FID sensitivity of about 7500, 980, 130, and 1 mV/μg analyte. This was subsequently demonstrated to greatly alter the FID response of organic salts. For example, while formic acid is normally unresponsive in an FID, its potassium salt could be readily detected here at picogram levels. Conversely, this phenomenon also rendered the FID unsuitable for use with buffered mobile phases containing such salts. In particular, FID background and baseline noise levels for formic acid – sodium formate buffers were about 10 times larger than equivalent experiments with methanol–water and up to two orders of magnitude larger than pure water. Overall, the results show that alkali metals respond much stronger in the FID than do hydrocarbons. Accordingly, their presence in organic analytes or mobile phases must therefore be accounted for when using this detector, particularly in areas such as subcritical water chromatography where it is commonly employed.

scholarly journals The Effect of the Linear Velocity on the Detector Response and Effective Carbon Number: The Role of the Experimental Conditions in the Quantitative Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit Mátyási ◽  
Dorottya Zverger ◽  
Blanka Gaál ◽  
József Balla
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Number ◽  
Linear Velocity ◽  
Flame Ionization Detector ◽  
Detector Response ◽  
Ionization Detector ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Hydrogen Flame ◽  
Signal Production ◽  
Chromatographic Parameters

Since its introduction in 1957 the Flame Ionization Detector (FID) is the most widely used Gas Chromatographic (GC) detector. Nowadays there is no Gas Chromatographic laboratory without apparatus containing a Flame Ionization Detector. However, the operation mechanism of the hydrogen flame and signal production is still not completely obvious. The FID response for hydrocarbons is proportional to the carbon content of the compound, while substances that contain heteroatoms yield smaller responses. In the Gas Chromatographic practice, a special relative response factor called Effective Carbon Number (ECN) is used for the expression of the response for molecules containing heteroatom. In the literature there are signal modifying constants published by different authors, which are typical of the carbon atoms and heteroatoms in the different chemical bonds. Although these constants express the nature of the modification (increase or decrease) the exact modifying value always depends on the chromatographic parameters and the molecular structure. If we want to apply the ECN method for our calculations these constants should be determined for our specific Gas Chromatographic system. In our earlier study we investigated the effect of the temperature of the injector, column and detector, the mode of the injection and the concentration level of the substance. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of the linear velocity on the response of the Flame Ionization Detector as a mass flow rate sensitive detector in the case of capillary column.

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